Files
RustyDHCP/tests/test_security_races.rs

640 lines
23 KiB
Rust

//! DHCP security: timing attacks and race conditions.
//!
//! Covers timing/race behavior NOT locked by `test_security.rs`,
//! `test_security_extra.rs`, `test_security_edge.rs`, `test_security_wire.rs`,
//! `test_security_gates.rs`, `test_security_hijack.rs`,
//! `test_security_slowloris.rs`, or the RFC suites. All tests assert the
//! *current* behavior and pass against it; tests for known-unsafe behavior
//! end in `_quirk` and state the threat in the docs.
//!
//! A note on "timing attacks" here: this stack has no wall-clock branches
//! except lease expiry (`Instant::now().gt(&exp)`), so there are no
//! timing oracles to measure — the timing-relevant guarantees are structural
//! instead: retransmits are idempotent, races converge to exactly one winner,
//! failed paths mutate nothing, and expiry uses strict `>` (an expiry equal
//! to `now` is still held; only strictly-past expiries are reusable, which
//! is why the zero-duration test below sleeps before asserting reuse).
//!
//! Groups:
//! - A. Retransmit / storm idempotency: identical repeats converge, NAK path
//! inserts nothing, zero-duration leases are immediately reusable.
//! - B. Races with order-independent outcomes: last-free-IP race has exactly
//! one winner; concurrent same-chaddr Acks agree; pipelined dual-DORA has
//! no cross-talk; spurious Release mid-handshake is a no-op.
//! - C. Release/reacquire lifecycle over the wire.
use dhcp4r::options::*;
use dhcp4r::packet::*;
use dhcp4r::server;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, UdpSocket};
use std::ops::Add;
use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// helpers (same patterns as test_security_slowloris.rs)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
fn unwrap_packet(r: Result<Packet, CustomErr<&[u8]>>) -> Packet {
match r {
Ok(p) => p,
Err(_) => panic!("expected Ok Packet"),
}
}
fn test_packet(xid: u32, chaddr: [u8; 6], opts: Vec<DhcpOption>) -> Packet {
Packet {
reply: false,
hops: 0,
xid,
secs: 0,
broadcast: false,
ciaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED,
yiaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED,
siaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED,
giaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED,
chaddr,
options: opts,
}
}
// Minimal replica of examples/server.rs lease state (same method bodies as
// test_examples_extra.rs; only the methods needed here are included).
const IP_START: [u8; 4] = [192, 168, 2, 2];
const IP_START_NUM: u32 = u32::from_be_bytes(IP_START);
const LEASE_NUM: u32 = 252;
const LEASE_DURATION_SECS: u32 = 86400;
struct Replica {
leases: HashMap<Ipv4Addr, ([u8; 6], Option<Instant>)>,
lease_duration: Duration,
}
impl Replica {
fn with_duration(lease_duration: Duration) -> Self {
Self {
leases: HashMap::new(),
lease_duration,
}
}
fn available(&self, chaddr: &[u8; 6], addr: &Ipv4Addr) -> bool {
let pos: u32 = (*addr).into();
pos >= IP_START_NUM
&& pos < IP_START_NUM + LEASE_NUM
&& match self.leases.get(addr) {
Some((mac, expiry)) => {
*mac == *chaddr || expiry.map_or(true, |exp| Instant::now().gt(&exp))
}
None => true,
}
}
fn current_lease(&self, chaddr: &[u8; 6]) -> Option<Ipv4Addr> {
for (i, v) in &self.leases {
if v.0 == *chaddr {
return Some(*i);
}
}
None
}
fn request(
&mut self,
chaddr: &[u8; 6],
requested: Option<Ipv4Addr>,
ciaddr: Ipv4Addr,
_for_this: bool,
) -> Result<Ipv4Addr, &'static str> {
let req_ip = requested.unwrap_or(ciaddr);
if let Some(ip) = self.current_lease(chaddr) {
return Ok(ip);
}
if !self.available(chaddr, &req_ip) {
return Err("Requested IP not available");
}
self.leases.insert(
req_ip,
(chaddr.to_owned(), Some(Instant::now().add(self.lease_duration))),
);
Ok(req_ip)
}
}
// Example-like handler: Discover->Offer, Request->Ack, Release|Decline gated,
// everything else ignored. Mirrors examples/server.rs match arms.
struct ExampleLike {
leases: HashMap<Ipv4Addr, ([u8; 6], Option<Instant>)>,
last_lease: u32,
lease_duration: Duration,
}
impl ExampleLike {
fn new() -> Self {
Self {
leases: HashMap::new(),
last_lease: 0,
lease_duration: Duration::new(LEASE_DURATION_SECS as u64, 0),
}
}
fn available(&self, chaddr: &[u8; 6], addr: &Ipv4Addr) -> bool {
let pos: u32 = (*addr).into();
pos >= IP_START_NUM
&& pos < IP_START_NUM + LEASE_NUM
&& match self.leases.get(addr) {
Some((mac, expiry)) => {
*mac == *chaddr || expiry.map_or(true, |exp| Instant::now().gt(&exp))
}
None => true,
}
}
fn current_lease(&self, chaddr: &[u8; 6]) -> Option<Ipv4Addr> {
for (i, v) in &self.leases {
if v.0 == *chaddr {
return Some(*i);
}
}
None
}
}
impl server::Handler for ExampleLike {
fn handle_request(&mut self, server: &server::Server, in_packet: Packet) {
match in_packet.message_type() {
Ok(MessageType::Discover) => {
if let Some(ip) = self.current_lease(&in_packet.chaddr) {
let _ = server.reply(
MessageType::Offer,
vec![DhcpOption::IpAddressLeaseTime(LEASE_DURATION_SECS)],
ip,
in_packet,
);
return;
}
for _ in 0..LEASE_NUM {
self.last_lease = (self.last_lease + 1) % LEASE_NUM;
let cand: Ipv4Addr = (IP_START_NUM + self.last_lease).into();
if self.available(&in_packet.chaddr, &cand) {
let _ = server.reply(
MessageType::Offer,
vec![DhcpOption::IpAddressLeaseTime(LEASE_DURATION_SECS)],
cand,
in_packet,
);
break;
}
}
}
Ok(MessageType::Request) => {
// NOTE: mirrors the example — the for_this_server gate is
// commented out upstream, so Requests are honored regardless.
let req_ip = match in_packet.option(REQUESTED_IP_ADDRESS) {
Some(DhcpOption::RequestedIpAddress(x)) => *x,
_ => in_packet.ciaddr,
};
if let Some(ip) = self.current_lease(&in_packet.chaddr) {
let _ = server.reply(
MessageType::Ack,
vec![DhcpOption::IpAddressLeaseTime(LEASE_DURATION_SECS)],
ip,
in_packet,
);
return;
}
if !self.available(&in_packet.chaddr, &req_ip) {
let _ = server.reply(
MessageType::Nak,
vec![DhcpOption::Message("Requested IP not available".to_string())],
Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED,
in_packet,
);
return;
}
self.leases.insert(
req_ip,
(
in_packet.chaddr,
Some(Instant::now().add(self.lease_duration)),
),
);
let _ = server.reply(
MessageType::Ack,
vec![DhcpOption::IpAddressLeaseTime(LEASE_DURATION_SECS)],
req_ip,
in_packet,
);
}
Ok(MessageType::Release) | Ok(MessageType::Decline) => {
if !server.for_this_server(&in_packet) {
return;
}
if let Some(ip) = self.current_lease(&in_packet.chaddr) {
self.leases.remove(&ip);
}
}
_ => {}
}
}
}
fn serve_example_like() -> (std::net::SocketAddr, Ipv4Addr) {
let srv_sock = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
let srv_addr = srv_sock.local_addr().unwrap();
let server_ip = Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 1);
std::thread::spawn(move || {
let _ = server::Server::serve(
srv_sock,
server_ip,
Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 255),
ExampleLike::new(),
);
});
std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
(srv_addr, server_ip)
}
fn send_recv(
client: &UdpSocket,
srv_addr: &std::net::SocketAddr,
p: &Packet,
buf: &mut [u8; 1500],
rbuf: &mut [u8; 1500],
) -> Packet {
client.send_to(&p.encode(buf).to_vec(), srv_addr).unwrap();
let (n, _) = client.recv_from(rbuf).expect("expected reply");
unwrap_packet(Packet::from(&rbuf[..n]))
}
fn discover(xid: u32, chaddr: [u8; 6]) -> Packet {
test_packet(
xid,
chaddr,
vec![DhcpOption::DhcpMessageType(MessageType::Discover)],
)
}
fn request_selecting(
xid: u32,
chaddr: [u8; 6],
server_ip: Ipv4Addr,
wanted: Ipv4Addr,
) -> Packet {
test_packet(
xid,
chaddr,
vec![
DhcpOption::DhcpMessageType(MessageType::Request),
DhcpOption::ServerIdentifier(server_ip),
DhcpOption::RequestedIpAddress(wanted),
],
)
}
// ===========================================================================
// A. Retransmit / storm idempotency and NAK purity
// ===========================================================================
/// Retransmission storm: 20 byte-identical Requests earn 20 identical Acks
/// for one single table entry — repeats never duplicate, fork, or NAK.
/// Locked live.
#[test]
fn sec8_retransmit_storm_same_chaddr_single_lease_live() {
let (srv_addr, server_ip) = serve_example_like();
let client = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
client
.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(2)))
.unwrap();
let mut buf = [0u8; 1500];
let mut rbuf = [0u8; 1500];
let mac = [0x71; 6];
for i in 0..20u32 {
let rep = send_recv(
&client,
&srv_addr,
&request_selecting(0xB000 + i, mac, server_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 60)),
&mut buf,
&mut rbuf,
);
assert_eq!(rep.message_type(), Ok(MessageType::Ack), "storm {}", i);
assert_eq!(rep.yiaddr, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 60), "storm {}", i);
}
// still exactly the one lease: a stranger is NAK'd for it afterwards
let stranger = send_recv(
&client,
&srv_addr,
&request_selecting(0xB100, [0x72; 6], server_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 60)),
&mut buf,
&mut rbuf,
);
assert_eq!(stranger.message_type(), Ok(MessageType::Nak));
}
/// NAK path is mutation-free: stranger denied, table size and victim mapping
/// unchanged. Locks that denial performs no insert (the availability check
/// has no write side effects).
#[test]
fn sec8_nak_path_performs_no_insert_replica() {
let mut s = Replica::with_duration(Duration::from_secs(3600));
let victim = [0x73; 6];
let stranger = [0x74; 6];
let ip = Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 61);
assert_eq!(s.request(&victim, Some(ip), Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, true), Ok(ip));
assert_eq!(s.leases.len(), 1);
assert_eq!(
s.request(&stranger, Some(ip), Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, true),
Err("Requested IP not available")
);
assert_eq!(s.leases.len(), 1, "NAK inserted nothing");
assert_eq!(s.leases[&ip].0, victim, "victim mapping intact");
assert_eq!(s.current_lease(&stranger), None);
}
/// Zero-duration leases expire immediately: after a short sleep a stranger
/// finds the address reusable. Documents the `gt` (strictly-past) boundary
/// without asserting the racy exact-now instant itself.
#[test]
fn sec8_zero_duration_lease_immediately_reusable_replica() {
let mut s = Replica::with_duration(Duration::from_secs(0));
let holder = [0x75; 6];
let stranger = [0x76; 6];
let ip = Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 62);
assert_eq!(s.request(&holder, Some(ip), Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, true), Ok(ip));
std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
assert!(
s.available(&stranger, &ip),
"zero-duration lease must already read expired"
);
assert_eq!(s.request(&stranger, Some(ip), Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, true), Ok(ip));
assert_eq!(s.leases[&ip].0, stranger, "reuse transfers ownership");
}
// ===========================================================================
// B. Races with order-independent outcomes
// ===========================================================================
/// Race for the last free IP: pool filled except `.253` over the wire, then
/// two Requests for `.253` sent back-to-back. Exactly one Ack and one Nak
/// arrive (asserted as a multiset, so loopback ordering cannot flake it),
/// and exactly one of the two racers holds `.253` afterwards (XOR).
/// Locked live.
#[test]
fn sec8_last_free_ip_race_one_ack_one_nak_live() {
let (srv_addr, server_ip) = serve_example_like();
let client = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
client
.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(2)))
.unwrap();
let mut buf = [0u8; 1500];
let mut rbuf = [0u8; 1500];
// fill every pool address except .253 (START+251)
for i in 0..251u32 {
let ch = [
(i >> 16) as u8,
(i >> 8) as u8,
i as u8,
0xAA,
0xBB,
0xCC,
];
let ip: Ipv4Addr = (IP_START_NUM + i).into();
let rep = send_recv(
&client,
&srv_addr,
&request_selecting(0xC000 + i, ch, server_ip, ip),
&mut buf,
&mut rbuf,
);
assert_eq!(rep.message_type(), Ok(MessageType::Ack), "fill {}", i);
}
// two racers, same target, back-to-back (no recv between sends)
let racer_a = [0xD0; 6];
let racer_b = [0xD1; 6];
let target = Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 253);
client
.send_to(
&request_selecting(0xC100, racer_a, server_ip, target)
.encode(&mut buf)
.to_vec(),
srv_addr,
)
.unwrap();
client
.send_to(
&request_selecting(0xC101, racer_b, server_ip, target)
.encode(&mut buf)
.to_vec(),
srv_addr,
)
.unwrap();
let mut kinds = Vec::new();
for _ in 0..2 {
let (n, _) = client.recv_from(&mut rbuf).expect("race reply");
kinds.push(unwrap_packet(Packet::from(&rbuf[..n])).message_type().unwrap());
}
kinds.sort_by_key(|m| *m as u8);
assert_eq!(kinds, vec![MessageType::Ack, MessageType::Nak]);
// exactly one racer holds .253 now (XOR over follow-up Discovers).
// NOTE: the pool is completely full, so the loser's Discover gets NO
// reply at all — use timeouts, not send_recv (which expects a reply).
client
.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_millis(400)))
.unwrap();
let mut holds = |chaddr: [u8; 6], xid: u32| -> bool {
let d = discover(xid, chaddr);
client.send_to(&d.encode(&mut buf).to_vec(), srv_addr).unwrap();
match client.recv_from(&mut rbuf) {
Ok((n, _)) => unwrap_packet(Packet::from(&rbuf[..n])).yiaddr == target,
Err(_) => false,
}
};
let holds_a = holds(racer_a, 0xC102);
let holds_b = holds(racer_b, 0xC103);
client
.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(2)))
.unwrap();
assert!(holds_a ^ holds_b, "exactly one winner holds {:?}", target);
}
/// Concurrent same-`chaddr` Requests from two threads: both Ack the same IP
/// (current-lease short-circuit), no duplicate entries possible. Locked.
#[test]
fn sec8_concurrent_same_chaddr_both_ack_same_ip_live() {
let srv_sock = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
let srv_addr = srv_sock.local_addr().unwrap();
let server_ip = Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 1);
std::thread::spawn(move || {
let _ = server::Server::serve(
srv_sock,
server_ip,
Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 255),
ExampleLike::new(),
);
});
std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
let mac = [0xD2; 6];
let handles: Vec<_> = [0xD200u32, 0xD201]
.iter()
.map(|&xid| {
std::thread::spawn(move || {
let client = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
client
.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(2)))
.unwrap();
let mut buf = [0u8; 1500];
let mut rbuf = [0u8; 1500];
let req = Packet {
reply: false, hops: 0, xid, secs: 0, broadcast: false,
ciaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, yiaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED,
siaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, giaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED,
chaddr: mac,
options: vec![
DhcpOption::DhcpMessageType(MessageType::Request),
DhcpOption::ServerIdentifier(server_ip),
DhcpOption::RequestedIpAddress(Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 70)),
],
};
client.send_to(&req.encode(&mut buf).to_vec(), srv_addr).unwrap();
let (n, _) = client.recv_from(&mut rbuf).expect("concurrent reply");
let rep = unwrap_packet(Packet::from(&rbuf[..n]));
assert_eq!(rep.xid, xid, "per-transaction xid echo");
(rep.message_type().unwrap(), rep.yiaddr)
})
})
.collect();
let mut results = Vec::new();
for h in handles {
results.push(h.join().expect("client thread"));
}
assert_eq!(results.len(), 2);
for (ty, ip) in &results {
assert_eq!(*ty, MessageType::Ack);
assert_eq!(*ip, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 70), "both agree on one IP");
}
}
/// Pipelined dual-DORA: A and B interleave Discover/Request with no
/// cross-talk — A gets `.3`, B gets `.4`, Acks echo each xid with the
/// matching yiaddr. Locked live.
#[test]
fn sec8_pipelined_dual_dora_no_crosstalk_live() {
let (srv_addr, server_ip) = serve_example_like();
let client = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
client
.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(2)))
.unwrap();
let mut buf = [0u8; 1500];
let mut rbuf = [0u8; 1500];
let a = [0xE1; 6];
let b = [0xE2; 6];
let oa = send_recv(&client, &srv_addr, &discover(0xE001, a), &mut buf, &mut rbuf);
let ob = send_recv(&client, &srv_addr, &discover(0xE002, b), &mut buf, &mut rbuf);
assert_eq!(oa.yiaddr, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 3));
assert_eq!(ob.yiaddr, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 4));
let aa = send_recv(
&client,
&srv_addr,
&request_selecting(0xE003, a, server_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 3)),
&mut buf,
&mut rbuf,
);
let ab = send_recv(
&client,
&srv_addr,
&request_selecting(0xE004, b, server_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 4)),
&mut buf,
&mut rbuf,
);
assert_eq!((aa.message_type(), aa.yiaddr, aa.xid), (Ok(MessageType::Ack), Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 3), 0xE003));
assert_eq!((ab.message_type(), ab.yiaddr, ab.xid), (Ok(MessageType::Ack), Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 4), 0xE004));
}
/// Spurious Release between a victim's Discover and Request is a no-op:
/// victim holds nothing yet, so there is nothing to free, and the follow-up
/// Request still commits the offered address. Locked live.
#[test]
fn sec8_spurious_release_between_offer_and_ack_no_effect_live() {
let (srv_addr, server_ip) = serve_example_like();
let client = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
client
.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(2)))
.unwrap();
let mut buf = [0u8; 1500];
let mut rbuf = [0u8; 1500];
let victim = [0xE5; 6];
let offer = send_recv(&client, &srv_addr, &discover(0xE010, victim), &mut buf, &mut rbuf);
assert_eq!(offer.yiaddr, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 3));
// attacker (and victim) Release before anything is held: silent no-ops
for (xid, ch) in [(0xE011u32, [0xE6; 6]), (0xE012, victim)] {
let rel = Packet {
reply: false, hops: 0, xid, secs: 0, broadcast: false,
ciaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, yiaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED,
siaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, giaddr: Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED,
chaddr: ch,
options: vec![
DhcpOption::DhcpMessageType(MessageType::Release),
DhcpOption::ServerIdentifier(server_ip),
],
};
client.send_to(&rel.encode(&mut buf).to_vec(), srv_addr).unwrap();
}
// victim completes the handshake with the offered address regardless
let ack = send_recv(
&client,
&srv_addr,
&request_selecting(0xE013, victim, server_ip, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 3)),
&mut buf,
&mut rbuf,
);
assert_eq!(ack.message_type(), Ok(MessageType::Ack));
assert_eq!(ack.yiaddr, Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 3));
}
// ===========================================================================
// C. Release/reacquire lifecycle over the wire
// ===========================================================================
/// Release then immediate re-Request re-acquires the same IP: the freed
/// address is available again and the pool slot is reusable, proving no
/// tombstoning. Locked live.
#[test]
fn sec8_release_then_reacquire_same_ip_live() {
let (srv_addr, server_ip) = serve_example_like();
let client = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
client
.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(2)))
.unwrap();
let mut buf = [0u8; 1500];
let mut rbuf = [0u8; 1500];
let mac = [0xE8; 6];
let ip = Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 2, 66);
let ack1 = send_recv(
&client,
&srv_addr,
&request_selecting(0xE020, mac, server_ip, ip),
&mut buf,
&mut rbuf,
);
assert_eq!(ack1.yiaddr, ip);
// Release (correct server ID): no reply by design, lease freed
let rel = release_for(0xE021, mac, server_ip);
client.send_to(&rel.encode(&mut buf).to_vec(), srv_addr).unwrap();
// immediate re-Request gets the very same address back
let ack2 = send_recv(
&client,
&srv_addr,
&request_selecting(0xE022, mac, server_ip, ip),
&mut buf,
&mut rbuf,
);
assert_eq!(ack2.message_type(), Ok(MessageType::Ack));
assert_eq!(ack2.yiaddr, ip, "freed slot immediately reusable");
}
fn release_for(xid: u32, chaddr: [u8; 6], server_ip: Ipv4Addr) -> Packet {
test_packet(
xid,
chaddr,
vec![
DhcpOption::DhcpMessageType(MessageType::Release),
DhcpOption::ServerIdentifier(server_ip),
],
)
}