Fix issue with connection management.

Build/MQTTnet.nuspec

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <package >
   <metadata>
     <id>MQTTnet</id>
-    <version>2.1.4</version>
+    <version>2.2.0</version>
     <authors>Christian Kratky</authors>
     <owners>Christian Kratky</owners>
     <licenseUrl>https://github.com/chkr1011/MQTTnet/blob/master/LICENSE</licenseUrl>
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@
     <iconUrl>https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chkr1011/MQTTnet/master/Images/Logo_128x128.png</iconUrl>
     <requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance>
     <description>MQTTnet is a .NET library for MQTT based communication. It provides a MQTT client and a MQTT server (broker).</description>
-    <releaseNotes>* [.NET Standard] Added support for .NET Standard 1.3 (Thanks to 1iveowl)
-* [Server] Added an even which allows processing of all received messages from the clients
-* [Server] Fixed an issue when stopping the server
+    <releaseNotes>* [Server] Added support for MQTT protocol version 3.1.0
+* [Server] Providing the used protocol version of connected clients
+* [Client] Added support for protocol version 3.1.0
+* [Core] Several minor performance improvements
+* [Core] Fixed an issue with connection management (Thanks to wuzhenda; Zuendelmeister)
     </releaseNotes>
     <copyright>Copyright Christian Kratky 2016-2017</copyright>
-    <tags>MQTT MQTTClient MQTTServer MQTTBroker Broker</tags> 
+    <tags>MQTT MQTTClient MQTTServer MQTTBroker Broker NETStandard IoT InternetOfThings Messaging Queue Hardware Arduino</tags> 
     <dependencies>
 
       <group targetFramework="netstandard1.3">

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetFramework/Implementations/MqttServerAdapter.cs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
                 try
                 {
                     var clientSocket = await Task.Factory.FromAsync(_defaultEndpointSocket.BeginAccept, _defaultEndpointSocket.EndAccept, null);
-                    var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(clientSocket, null), new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer());
+                    var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(clientSocket, null), new MqttPacketSerializer());
                     ClientConnected?.Invoke(this, new MqttClientConnectedEventArgs(clientSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), clientAdapter));
                 }
                 catch (Exception exception) when (!(exception is ObjectDisposedException))
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
                     var sslStream = new SslStream(new NetworkStream(clientSocket));
                     await sslStream.AuthenticateAsServerAsync(_tlsCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Tls12, false);
                     
-                    var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(clientSocket, sslStream), new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer());
+                    var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(clientSocket, sslStream), new MqttPacketSerializer());
                     ClientConnected?.Invoke(this, new MqttClientConnectedEventArgs(clientSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), clientAdapter));
                 }
                 catch (Exception exception)

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetFramework/Implementations/MqttTcpChannel.cs

@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
 {
     public sealed class MqttTcpChannel : IMqttCommunicationChannel, IDisposable
     {
-        private readonly Socket _socket;
+        private Socket _socket;
         private SslStream _sslStream;
 
         public MqttTcpChannel()
         {
-            _socket = new Socket(SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
         }
 
         public MqttTcpChannel(Socket socket, SslStream sslStream)
@@ -31,6 +30,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
             if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
             try
             {
+                if (_socket == null)
+                {
+                    _socket = new Socket(SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
+                }
+
                 await Task.Factory.FromAsync(_socket.BeginConnect, _socket.EndConnect, options.Server, options.GetPort(), null);
 
                 if (options.TlsOptions.UseTls)
@@ -49,8 +53,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
         {
             try
             {
-                _sslStream.Dispose();
-                _socket.Dispose();
+                Dispose();
                 return Task.FromResult(0);
             }
             catch (SocketException exception)
@@ -108,6 +111,9 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
         {
             _socket?.Dispose();
             _sslStream?.Dispose();
+
+            _socket = null;
+            _sslStream = null;
         }
 
         private static X509CertificateCollection LoadCertificates(MqttClientOptions options)

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetFramework/MqttClientFactory.cs

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet
 {
     public class MqttClientFactory
     {
-        public MqttClient CreateMqttClient(MqttClientOptions options)
+        public IMqttClient CreateMqttClient(MqttClientOptions options)
         {
             if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
 
-            return new MqttClient(options, new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(), new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer()));
+            return new MqttClient(options, new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(), new MqttPacketSerializer()));
         }
     }
 }

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetFramework/MqttServerFactory.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet
 {
     public class MqttServerFactory
     {
-        public MqttServer CreateMqttServer(MqttServerOptions options)
+        public IMqttServer CreateMqttServer(MqttServerOptions options)
         {
             if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
 

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetFramework/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
 [assembly: ComVisible(false)]
 [assembly: Guid("a480ef90-0eaa-4d9a-b271-47a9c47f6f7d")]
-[assembly: AssemblyVersion("2.1.4.0")]
-[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("2.1.4.0")]
+[assembly: AssemblyVersion("2.1.5.1")]
+[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("2.1.5.1")]

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetStandard/Implementations/MqttServerAdapter.cs

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
                 try
                 {
                     var clientSocket = await _defaultEndpointSocket.AcceptAsync();
-                    var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(clientSocket, null), new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer());
+                    var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(clientSocket, null), new MqttPacketSerializer());
                     ClientConnected?.Invoke(this, new MqttClientConnectedEventArgs(clientSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), clientAdapter));
                 }
                 catch (Exception exception)
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
                     var sslStream = new SslStream(new NetworkStream(clientSocket));
                     await sslStream.AuthenticateAsServerAsync(_tlsCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Tls12, false);
                     
-                    var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(clientSocket, sslStream), new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer());
+                    var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(clientSocket, sslStream), new MqttPacketSerializer());
                     ClientConnected?.Invoke(this, new MqttClientConnectedEventArgs(clientSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), clientAdapter));
                 }
                 catch (Exception exception)

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetStandard/Implementations/MqttTcpChannel.cs

@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
 {
     public sealed class MqttTcpChannel : IMqttCommunicationChannel, IDisposable
     {
-        private readonly Socket _socket;
+        private Socket _socket;
         private SslStream _sslStream;
 
         public MqttTcpChannel()
         {
-            _socket = new Socket(SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
         }
 
         public MqttTcpChannel(Socket socket, SslStream sslStream)
@@ -31,6 +30,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
             if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
             try
             {
+                if (_socket == null)
+                {
+                    _socket = new Socket(SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
+                }
+
                 await _socket.ConnectAsync(options.Server, options.GetPort());
                 
                 if (options.TlsOptions.UseTls)
@@ -49,8 +53,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
         {
             try
             {
-                _sslStream.Dispose();
-                _socket.Dispose();
+                Dispose();
                 return Task.FromResult(0);
             }
             catch (SocketException exception)
@@ -101,6 +104,9 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
         {
             _socket?.Dispose();
             _sslStream?.Dispose();
+
+            _socket = null;
+            _sslStream = null;
         }
 
         private static X509CertificateCollection LoadCertificates(MqttClientOptions options)

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetStandard/MQTTnet.Netstandard.csproj

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
     <TargetFramework>netstandard1.3</TargetFramework>
     <AssemblyName>MQTTnet</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>MQTTnet</RootNamespace>
-    <AssemblyVersion>2.1.4.0</AssemblyVersion>
-    <FileVersion>2.1.4.0</FileVersion>
+    <AssemblyVersion>2.1.5.1</AssemblyVersion>
+    <FileVersion>2.1.5.1</FileVersion>
     <Version>0.0.0.0</Version>
     <Company />
     <Product />

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetStandard/MqttClientFactory.cs

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet
 {
     public class MqttClientFactory
     {
-        public MqttClient CreateMqttClient(MqttClientOptions options)
+        public IMqttClient CreateMqttClient(MqttClientOptions options)
         {
             if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
 
-            return new MqttClient(options, new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(), new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer()));
+            return new MqttClient(options, new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(), new MqttPacketSerializer()));
         }
     }
 }

Frameworks/MQTTnet.NetStandard/MqttServerFactory.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet
 {
     public class MqttServerFactory
     {
-        public MqttServer CreateMqttServer(MqttServerOptions options)
+        public IMqttServer CreateMqttServer(MqttServerOptions options)
         {
             if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
 

Frameworks/MQTTnet.UniversalWindows/Implementations/MqttServerAdapter.cs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
         {
             try
             {
-                var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(args.Socket), new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer());
+                var clientAdapter = new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(args.Socket), new MqttPacketSerializer());
                 ClientConnected?.Invoke(this, new MqttClientConnectedEventArgs(args.Socket.Information.RemoteAddress.ToString(), clientAdapter));
             }
             catch (Exception exception)

Frameworks/MQTTnet.UniversalWindows/Implementations/MqttTcpChannel.cs

@@ -15,11 +15,10 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
 {
     public sealed class MqttTcpChannel : IMqttCommunicationChannel, IDisposable
     {
-        private readonly StreamSocket _socket;
+        private StreamSocket _socket;
 
         public MqttTcpChannel()
         {
-            _socket = new StreamSocket();
         }
 
         public MqttTcpChannel(StreamSocket socket)
@@ -32,6 +31,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
             if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
             try
             {
+                if (_socket == null)
+                {
+                    _socket = new StreamSocket();
+                }
+
                 if (!options.TlsOptions.UseTls)
                 {
                     await _socket.ConnectAsync(new HostName(options.Server), options.GetPort().ToString());
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
         {
             try
             {
-                _socket.Dispose();
+                Dispose();
                 return Task.FromResult(0);
             }
             catch (SocketException exception)
@@ -100,6 +104,8 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Implementations
         public void Dispose()
         {
             _socket?.Dispose();
+
+            _socket = null;
         }
 
         private static Certificate LoadCertificate(MqttClientOptions options)

Frameworks/MQTTnet.UniversalWindows/MqttClientFactory.cs

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet
 {
     public class MqttClientFactory
     {
-        public MqttClient CreateMqttClient(MqttClientOptions options)
+        public IMqttClient CreateMqttClient(MqttClientOptions options)
         {
             if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
 
-            return new MqttClient(options, new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(), new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer()));
+            return new MqttClient(options, new MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(new MqttTcpChannel(), new MqttPacketSerializer()));
         }
     }
 }

Frameworks/MQTTnet.UniversalWindows/MqttServerFactory.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet
 {
     public class MqttServerFactory
     {
-        public MqttServer CreateMqttServer(MqttServerOptions options)
+        public IMqttServer CreateMqttServer(MqttServerOptions options)
         {
             if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
 

Frameworks/MQTTnet.UniversalWindows/Properties/AssemblyInfo.cs

@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 [assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
 [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
 [assembly: ComVisible(false)]
-[assembly: AssemblyVersion("2.1.4.0")]
-[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("2.1.4.0")]
+[assembly: AssemblyVersion("2.1.5.1")]
+[assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("2.1.5.1")]

MQTTnet.Core/Adapter/IMqttCommunicationAdapter.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Client;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Packets;
+using MQTTnet.Core.Serializer;
 
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Adapter
 {
@@ -14,5 +15,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Adapter
         Task SendPacketAsync(MqttBasePacket packet, TimeSpan timeout);
 
         Task<MqttBasePacket> ReceivePacketAsync(TimeSpan timeout);
+
+        IMqttPacketSerializer PacketSerializer { get; }
     }
 }

MQTTnet.Core/Adapter/MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter.cs

@@ -11,22 +11,19 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Adapter
 {
     public class MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter : IMqttCommunicationAdapter
     {
-        private readonly IMqttPacketSerializer _serializer;
         private readonly IMqttCommunicationChannel _channel;
 
         public MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter(IMqttCommunicationChannel channel, IMqttPacketSerializer serializer)
         {
             _channel = channel ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(channel));
-            _serializer = serializer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(serializer));
+            PacketSerializer = serializer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(serializer));
         }
 
+        public IMqttPacketSerializer PacketSerializer { get; }
+
         public async Task ConnectAsync(MqttClientOptions options, TimeSpan timeout)
         {
-            var task = _channel.ConnectAsync(options);
-            if (await Task.WhenAny(Task.Delay(timeout), task) != task)
-            {
-                throw new MqttCommunicationTimedOutException();
-            }
+            await ExecuteWithTimeoutAsync(_channel.ConnectAsync(options), timeout);
         }
 
         public async Task DisconnectAsync()
@@ -38,21 +35,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Adapter
         {
             MqttTrace.Information(nameof(MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter), $"TX >>> {packet} [Timeout={timeout}]");
 
-            bool hasTimeout;
-            try
-            {
-                var task = _serializer.SerializeAsync(packet, _channel);
-                hasTimeout = await Task.WhenAny(Task.Delay(timeout), task) != task;
-            }
-            catch (Exception exception)
-            {
-                throw new MqttCommunicationException(exception);
-            }
-
-            if (hasTimeout)
-            {
-                throw new MqttCommunicationTimedOutException();
-            }
+            await ExecuteWithTimeoutAsync(PacketSerializer.SerializeAsync(packet, _channel), timeout);
         }
 
         public async Task<MqttBasePacket> ReceivePacketAsync(TimeSpan timeout)
@@ -60,20 +43,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Adapter
             MqttBasePacket packet;
             if (timeout > TimeSpan.Zero)
             {
-                var workerTask = _serializer.DeserializeAsync(_channel);
-                var timeoutTask = Task.Delay(timeout);
-                var hasTimeout = Task.WhenAny(timeoutTask, workerTask) == timeoutTask;
-
-                if (hasTimeout)
-                {
-                    throw new MqttCommunicationTimedOutException();
-                }
-
-                packet = workerTask.Result;
+                packet = await ExecuteWithTimeoutAsync(PacketSerializer.DeserializeAsync(_channel), timeout);
             }
             else
             {
-                packet = await _serializer.DeserializeAsync(_channel);
+                packet = await PacketSerializer.DeserializeAsync(_channel);
             }
 
             if (packet == null)
@@ -84,5 +58,35 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Adapter
             MqttTrace.Information(nameof(MqttChannelCommunicationAdapter), $"RX <<< {packet}");
             return packet;
         }
+
+        private static async Task<TResult> ExecuteWithTimeoutAsync<TResult>(Task<TResult> task, TimeSpan timeout)
+        {
+            var timeoutTask = Task.Delay(timeout);
+            if (await Task.WhenAny(timeoutTask, task) == timeoutTask)
+            {
+                throw new MqttCommunicationTimedOutException();
+            }
+
+            if (task.IsFaulted)
+            {
+                throw new MqttCommunicationException(task.Exception);
+            }
+
+            return task.Result;
+        }
+
+        private static async Task ExecuteWithTimeoutAsync(Task task, TimeSpan timeout)
+        {
+            var timeoutTask = Task.Delay(timeout);
+            if (await Task.WhenAny(timeoutTask, task) == timeoutTask)
+            {
+                throw new MqttCommunicationTimedOutException();
+            }
+
+            if (task.IsFaulted)
+            {
+                throw new MqttCommunicationException(task.Exception);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

MQTTnet.Core/Client/IMqttClient.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using MQTTnet.Core.Packets;
+
+namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
+{
+    public interface IMqttClient
+    {
+        bool IsConnected { get; }
+
+        event EventHandler<MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs> ApplicationMessageReceived;
+        event EventHandler Connected;
+        event EventHandler Disconnected;
+
+        Task ConnectAsync(MqttApplicationMessage willApplicationMessage = null);
+        Task DisconnectAsync();
+        Task PublishAsync(MqttApplicationMessage applicationMessage);
+        Task<IList<MqttSubscribeResult>> SubscribeAsync(IList<TopicFilter> topicFilters);
+        Task<IList<MqttSubscribeResult>> SubscribeAsync(params TopicFilter[] topicFilters);
+        Task Unsubscribe(IList<string> topicFilters);
+        Task Unsubscribe(params string[] topicFilters);
+    }
+}

MQTTnet.Core/Client/MqttClient.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -13,15 +12,15 @@ using MQTTnet.Core.Protocol;
 
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
 {
-    public class MqttClient
+    public class MqttClient : IMqttClient
     {
-        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ushort, MqttPublishPacket> _pendingExactlyOncePublishPackets = new ConcurrentDictionary<ushort, MqttPublishPacket>();
-        private readonly HashSet<ushort> _processedPublishPackets = new HashSet<ushort>();
+        private readonly HashSet<ushort> _unacknowledgedPublishPackets = new HashSet<ushort>();
 
         private readonly MqttPacketDispatcher _packetDispatcher = new MqttPacketDispatcher();
         private readonly MqttClientOptions _options;
         private readonly IMqttCommunicationAdapter _adapter;
 
+        private bool _disconnectedEventSuspended;
         private int _latestPacketIdentifier;
         private CancellationTokenSource _cancellationTokenSource;
 
@@ -29,6 +28,8 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
         {
             _options = options ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
             _adapter = adapter ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(adapter));
+
+            _adapter.PacketSerializer.ProtocolVersion = options.ProtocolVersion;
         }
 
         public event EventHandler Connected;
@@ -48,50 +49,64 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
                 throw new MqttProtocolViolationException("It is not allowed to connect with a server after the connection is established.");
             }
 
-            var connectPacket = new MqttConnectPacket
+            try
             {
-                ClientId = _options.ClientId,
-                Username = _options.UserName,
-                Password = _options.Password,
-                CleanSession = _options.CleanSession,
-                KeepAlivePeriod = (ushort)_options.KeepAlivePeriod.TotalSeconds,
-                WillMessage = willApplicationMessage
-            };
+                _disconnectedEventSuspended = false;
 
-            await _adapter.ConnectAsync(_options, _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
-            MqttTrace.Verbose(nameof(MqttClient), "Connection with server established.");
+                await _adapter.ConnectAsync(_options, _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
 
-            _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
-            _latestPacketIdentifier = 0;
-            _processedPublishPackets.Clear();
-            _packetDispatcher.Reset();
-            IsConnected = true;
+                MqttTrace.Verbose(nameof(MqttClient), "Connection with server established.");
 
-#pragma warning disable CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
-            Task.Run(() => ReceivePackets(_cancellationTokenSource.Token), _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
-#pragma warning restore CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
+                var connectPacket = new MqttConnectPacket
+                {
+                    ClientId = _options.ClientId,
+                    Username = _options.UserName,
+                    Password = _options.Password,
+                    CleanSession = _options.CleanSession,
+                    KeepAlivePeriod = (ushort)_options.KeepAlivePeriod.TotalSeconds,
+                    WillMessage = willApplicationMessage
+                };
 
-            var response = await SendAndReceiveAsync<MqttConnAckPacket>(connectPacket);
-            if (response.ConnectReturnCode != MqttConnectReturnCode.ConnectionAccepted)
-            {
-                await DisconnectAsync();
-                throw new MqttConnectingFailedException(response.ConnectReturnCode);
+                _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
+                _latestPacketIdentifier = 0;
+                _packetDispatcher.Reset();
+
+                StartReceivePackets();
+
+                var response = await SendAndReceiveAsync<MqttConnAckPacket>(connectPacket);
+                if (response.ConnectReturnCode != MqttConnectReturnCode.ConnectionAccepted)
+                {
+                    await DisconnectInternalAsync();
+                    throw new MqttConnectingFailedException(response.ConnectReturnCode);
+                }
+
+                if (_options.KeepAlivePeriod != TimeSpan.Zero)
+                {
+                    StartSendKeepAliveMessages();
+                }
+
+                MqttTrace.Verbose(nameof(MqttClient), "MQTT connection with server established.");
+
+                IsConnected = true;
+                Connected?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
             }
-
-            if (_options.KeepAlivePeriod != TimeSpan.Zero)
+            catch (Exception)
             {
-#pragma warning disable CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
-                Task.Run(() => SendKeepAliveMessagesAsync(_cancellationTokenSource.Token), _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
-#pragma warning restore CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
+                await DisconnectInternalAsync();
+                throw;
             }
-
-            Connected?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
         }
 
         public async Task DisconnectAsync()
         {
-            await SendAsync(new MqttDisconnectPacket());
-            await DisconnectInternalAsync();
+            try
+            {
+                await SendAsync(new MqttDisconnectPacket());
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                await DisconnectInternalAsync();
+            }
         }
 
         public Task<IList<MqttSubscribeResult>> SubscribeAsync(params TopicFilter[] topicFilters)
@@ -105,6 +120,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
         {
             if (topicFilters == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(topicFilters));
             if (!topicFilters.Any()) throw new MqttProtocolViolationException("At least one topic filter must be set [MQTT-3.8.3-3].");
+
             ThrowIfNotConnected();
 
             var subscribePacket = new MqttSubscribePacket
@@ -154,6 +170,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
 
             if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel == MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce)
             {
+                // No packet identifier is used for QoS 0 [3.3.2.2 Packet Identifier]
                 await SendAsync(publishPacket);
             }
             else if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel == MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtLeastOnce)
@@ -164,8 +181,8 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
             else if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel == MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.ExactlyOnce)
             {
                 publishPacket.PacketIdentifier = GetNewPacketIdentifier();
-                await SendAndReceiveAsync<MqttPubRecPacket>(publishPacket);
-                await SendAsync(publishPacket.CreateResponse<MqttPubCompPacket>());
+                var pubRecPacket = await SendAndReceiveAsync<MqttPubRecPacket>(publishPacket);
+                await SendAndReceiveAsync<MqttPubCompPacket>(pubRecPacket.CreateResponse<MqttPubRelPacket>());
             }
         }
 
@@ -180,8 +197,9 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
             {
                 await _adapter.DisconnectAsync();
             }
-            catch
+            catch (Exception exception)
             {
+                MqttTrace.Warning(nameof(MqttClient), exception, "Error while disconnecting.");
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -190,7 +208,12 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
                 _cancellationTokenSource = null;
 
                 IsConnected = false;
-                Disconnected?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
+
+                if (!_disconnectedEventSuspended)
+                {
+                    _disconnectedEventSuspended = true;
+                    Disconnected?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -208,14 +231,12 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
                     return DisconnectAsync();
                 }
 
-                var publishPacket = mqttPacket as MqttPublishPacket;
-                if (publishPacket != null)
+                if (mqttPacket is MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
                 {
                     return ProcessReceivedPublishPacket(publishPacket);
                 }
 
-                var pubRelPacket = mqttPacket as MqttPubRelPacket;
-                if (pubRelPacket != null)
+                if (mqttPacket is MqttPubRelPacket pubRelPacket)
                 {
                     return ProcessReceivedPubRelPacket(pubRelPacket);
                 }
@@ -232,13 +253,16 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
 
         private void FireApplicationMessageReceivedEvent(MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
         {
-            if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel != MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce)
-            {
-                _processedPublishPackets.Add(publishPacket.PacketIdentifier);
-            }
-
             var applicationMessage = publishPacket.ToApplicationMessage();
-            ApplicationMessageReceived?.Invoke(this, new MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs(applicationMessage));
+
+            try
+            {
+                ApplicationMessageReceived?.Invoke(this, new MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs(applicationMessage));
+            }
+            catch (Exception exception)
+            {
+                MqttTrace.Error(nameof(MqttClient), exception, "Unhandled exception while handling application message.");
+            }
         }
 
         private Task ProcessReceivedPublishPacket(MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
@@ -257,24 +281,27 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
 
             if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel == MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.ExactlyOnce)
             {
-                _pendingExactlyOncePublishPackets[publishPacket.PacketIdentifier] = publishPacket;
+                // QoS 2 is implement as method "B" [4.3.3 QoS 2: Exactly once delivery]
+                lock (_unacknowledgedPublishPackets)
+                {
+                    _unacknowledgedPublishPackets.Add(publishPacket.PacketIdentifier);
+                }
+
+                FireApplicationMessageReceivedEvent(publishPacket);
                 return SendAsync(new MqttPubRecPacket { PacketIdentifier = publishPacket.PacketIdentifier });
             }
 
-            throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            throw new MqttCommunicationException("Received a not supported QoS level.");
         }
 
         private async Task ProcessReceivedPubRelPacket(MqttPubRelPacket pubRelPacket)
         {
-            MqttPublishPacket originalPublishPacket;
-            if (!_pendingExactlyOncePublishPackets.TryRemove(pubRelPacket.PacketIdentifier, out originalPublishPacket))
+            lock (_unacknowledgedPublishPackets)
             {
-                throw new MqttCommunicationException();
+                _unacknowledgedPublishPackets.Remove(pubRelPacket.PacketIdentifier);
             }
 
-            await SendAsync(originalPublishPacket.CreateResponse<MqttPubCompPacket>());
-
-            FireApplicationMessageReceivedEvent(originalPublishPacket);
+            await SendAsync(pubRelPacket.CreateResponse<MqttPubCompPacket>());
         }
 
         private Task SendAsync(MqttBasePacket packet)
@@ -292,18 +319,15 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                var pi1 = requestPacket as IPacketWithIdentifier;
-                var pi2 = p as IPacketWithIdentifier;
+                var pi1 = requestPacket as IMqttPacketWithIdentifier;
+                var pi2 = p as IMqttPacketWithIdentifier;
 
-                if (pi1 != null && pi2 != null)
+                if (pi1 == null || pi2 == null)
                 {
-                    if (pi1.PacketIdentifier != pi2.PacketIdentifier)
-                    {
-                        return false;
-                    }
+                    return true;
                 }
 
-                return true;
+                return pi1.PacketIdentifier == pi2.PacketIdentifier;
             }
 
             await _adapter.SendPacketAsync(requestPacket, _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
@@ -330,15 +354,16 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
             catch (MqttCommunicationException exception)
             {
                 MqttTrace.Warning(nameof(MqttClient), exception, "MQTT communication error while receiving packets.");
+                await DisconnectInternalAsync();
             }
             catch (Exception exception)
             {
                 MqttTrace.Warning(nameof(MqttClient), exception, "Error while sending/receiving keep alive packets.");
+                await DisconnectInternalAsync();
             }
             finally
             {
                 MqttTrace.Information(nameof(MqttClient), "Stopped sending keep alive packets.");
-                await DisconnectInternalAsync();
             }
         }
 
@@ -349,27 +374,47 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
             {
                 while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
                 {
-                    var mqttPacket = await _adapter.ReceivePacketAsync(TimeSpan.Zero);
-                    MqttTrace.Information(nameof(MqttClient), $"Received <<< {mqttPacket}");
+                    var packet = await _adapter.ReceivePacketAsync(TimeSpan.Zero);
+                    MqttTrace.Information(nameof(MqttClient), $"Received <<< {packet}");
 
-#pragma warning disable CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
-                    Task.Run(() => ProcessReceivedPacketAsync(mqttPacket), cancellationToken);
-#pragma warning restore CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
+                    StartProcessReceivedPacket(packet, cancellationToken);
                 }
             }
             catch (MqttCommunicationException exception)
             {
-                MqttTrace.Warning(nameof(MqttClient), exception, "MQTT communication error while receiving packets.");
+                MqttTrace.Warning(nameof(MqttClient), exception, "MQTT communication exception while receiving packets.");
+                await DisconnectInternalAsync();
             }
             catch (Exception exception)
             {
-                MqttTrace.Error(nameof(MqttClient), exception, "Error while receiving packets.");
+                MqttTrace.Error(nameof(MqttClient), exception, "Unhandled exception while receiving packets.");
+                await DisconnectInternalAsync();
             }
             finally
             {
                 MqttTrace.Information(nameof(MqttClient), "Stopped receiving packets.");
-                await DisconnectInternalAsync();
             }
         }
+
+        private void StartProcessReceivedPacket(MqttBasePacket packet, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+#pragma warning disable CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
+            Task.Run(() => ProcessReceivedPacketAsync(packet), cancellationToken);
+#pragma warning restore CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
+        }
+
+        private void StartReceivePackets()
+        {
+#pragma warning disable CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
+            Task.Run(() => ReceivePackets(_cancellationTokenSource.Token), _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
+#pragma warning restore CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
+        }
+
+        private void StartSendKeepAliveMessages()
+        {
+#pragma warning disable CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
+            Task.Run(() => SendKeepAliveMessagesAsync(_cancellationTokenSource.Token), _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
+#pragma warning restore CS4014 // Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed
+        }
     }
 }

MQTTnet.Core/Client/MqttClientOptions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using MQTTnet.Core.Serializer;
 
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
 {
@@ -7,8 +8,8 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
         public string Server { get; set; }
 
         public int? Port { get; set; }
-        
-        public MqttClientTlsOptions TlsOptions { get; } = new MqttClientTlsOptions();
+
+        public MqttClientTlsOptions TlsOptions { get; set; } = new MqttClientTlsOptions();
 
         public string UserName { get; set; }
 
@@ -21,5 +22,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Client
         public TimeSpan KeepAlivePeriod { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5);
 
         public TimeSpan DefaultCommunicationTimeout { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
+
+        public MqttProtocolVersion ProtocolVersion { get; set; } = MqttProtocolVersion.V311;
     }
 }

MQTTnet.Core/Exceptions/MqttCommunicationException.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Exceptions
 {
     public class MqttCommunicationException : Exception
     {
-        public MqttCommunicationException()
+        protected MqttCommunicationException()
         {
         }
 
@@ -17,5 +17,10 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Exceptions
             : base(message)
         {
         }
+
+        public MqttCommunicationException(string message, Exception innerException)
+            : base(message, innerException)
+        {
+        }
     }
 }

MQTTnet.Core/MQTTnet.Core.csproj

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
     <PackageIconUrl></PackageIconUrl>
     <RepositoryUrl></RepositoryUrl>
     <PackageTags></PackageTags>
-    <FileVersion>2.1.4.0</FileVersion>
-    <AssemblyVersion>2.1.4.0</AssemblyVersion>
+    <FileVersion>2.1.5.1</FileVersion>
+    <AssemblyVersion>2.1.5.1</AssemblyVersion>
     <PackageLicenseUrl></PackageLicenseUrl>
   </PropertyGroup>
 

MQTTnet.Core/Packets/IMqttPacketWithIdentifier.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
 {
-    public interface IPacketWithIdentifier
+    public interface IMqttPacketWithIdentifier
     {
         ushort PacketIdentifier { get; set; }
     }

MQTTnet.Core/Packets/MqttBasePacket.cs

@@ -1,25 +1,6 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
+namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
 {
     public abstract class MqttBasePacket
     {
-        public TResponsePacket CreateResponse<TResponsePacket>()
-        {
-            var responsePacket = Activator.CreateInstance<TResponsePacket>();
-            var responsePacketWithIdentifier = responsePacket as IPacketWithIdentifier;
-            if (responsePacketWithIdentifier != null)
-            {
-                var requestPacketWithIdentifier = this as IPacketWithIdentifier;
-                if (requestPacketWithIdentifier == null)
-                {
-                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Response packet has PacketIdentifier but request packet does not.");
-                }
-
-                responsePacketWithIdentifier.PacketIdentifier = requestPacketWithIdentifier.PacketIdentifier;
-            }
-
-            return responsePacket;
-        }
     }
 }

MQTTnet.Core/Packets/MqttBasePublishPacket.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
 {
-    public class MqttBasePublishPacket : MqttBasePacket, IPacketWithIdentifier
+    public class MqttBasePublishPacket : MqttBasePacket, IMqttPacketWithIdentifier
     {
         public ushort PacketIdentifier { get; set; }
     }

MQTTnet.Core/Packets/MqttConnectPacket.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
+using MQTTnet.Core.Serializer;
+
+namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
 {
     public sealed class MqttConnectPacket: MqttBasePacket
     {
+        public MqttProtocolVersion ProtocolVersion { get; set; }
+
         public string ClientId { get; set; }
 
         public string Username { get; set; }

MQTTnet.Core/Packets/MqttPacketExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
+{
+    public static class MqttPacketExtensions
+    {
+        public static TResponsePacket CreateResponse<TResponsePacket>(this MqttBasePacket packet)
+        {
+            if (packet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(packet));
+
+            var responsePacket = Activator.CreateInstance<TResponsePacket>();
+
+            if (responsePacket is IMqttPacketWithIdentifier responsePacketWithIdentifier)
+            {
+                var requestPacketWithIdentifier = packet as IMqttPacketWithIdentifier;
+                if (requestPacketWithIdentifier == null)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Response packet has PacketIdentifier but request packet does not.");
+                }
+
+                responsePacketWithIdentifier.PacketIdentifier = requestPacketWithIdentifier.PacketIdentifier;
+            }
+
+            return responsePacket;
+        }
+    }
+}

MQTTnet.Core/Packets/MqttSubAckPacket.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ using MQTTnet.Core.Protocol;
 
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
 {
-    public sealed class MqttSubAckPacket : MqttBasePacket, IPacketWithIdentifier
+    public sealed class MqttSubAckPacket : MqttBasePacket, IMqttPacketWithIdentifier
     {
         public ushort PacketIdentifier { get; set; }
 

MQTTnet.Core/Packets/MqttSubscribePacket.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
 {
-    public sealed class MqttSubscribePacket : MqttBasePacket, IPacketWithIdentifier
+    public sealed class MqttSubscribePacket : MqttBasePacket, IMqttPacketWithIdentifier
     {
         public ushort PacketIdentifier { get; set; }
         

MQTTnet.Core/Packets/MqttUnsubAckPacket.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
 {
-    public sealed class MqttUnsubAckPacket : MqttBasePacket, IPacketWithIdentifier
+    public sealed class MqttUnsubAckPacket : MqttBasePacket, IMqttPacketWithIdentifier
     {
         public ushort PacketIdentifier { get; set; }
     }

MQTTnet.Core/Packets/MqttUnsubscribe.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Packets
 {
-    public sealed class MqttUnsubscribePacket : MqttBasePacket, IPacketWithIdentifier
+    public sealed class MqttUnsubscribePacket : MqttBasePacket, IMqttPacketWithIdentifier
     {
         public ushort PacketIdentifier { get; set; }
         

MQTTnet.Core/Serializer/ByteReader.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             return result;
         }
 
-        public byte Read(int count)
+        public int Read(int count)
         {
             if (_index + count > 8)
             {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
                 _index++;
             }
 
-            return (byte)result;
+            return result;
         }
     }
 }

MQTTnet.Core/Serializer/IMqttPacketSerializer.cs

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
 {
     public interface IMqttPacketSerializer
     {
+        MqttProtocolVersion ProtocolVersion { get; set; }
+
         Task SerializeAsync(MqttBasePacket mqttPacket, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination);
 
         Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeAsync(IMqttCommunicationChannel source);

MQTTnet.Core/Serializer/MqttPacketReader.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
 {
     public sealed class MqttPacketReader : IDisposable
     {
-        private readonly MemoryStream _remainingData = new MemoryStream();
+        private readonly MemoryStream _remainingData = new MemoryStream(1024);
         private readonly IMqttCommunicationChannel _source;
 
         private int _remainingLength;

MQTTnet.Core/Serializer/MqttPacketSerializer.cs

@@ -9,93 +9,84 @@ using MQTTnet.Core.Protocol;
 
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
 {
-    public sealed class DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer : IMqttPacketSerializer
+    public sealed class MqttPacketSerializer : IMqttPacketSerializer
     {
+        private static byte[] ProtocolVersionV311Name { get; } = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("MQTT");
+        private static byte[] ProtocolVersionV310Name { get; } = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("MQIs");
+
+        public MqttProtocolVersion ProtocolVersion { get; set; } = MqttProtocolVersion.V311;
+
         public Task SerializeAsync(MqttBasePacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             if (packet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(packet));
             if (destination == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(destination));
 
-            var connectPacket = packet as MqttConnectPacket;
-            if (connectPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttConnectPacket connectPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(connectPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var connAckPacket = packet as MqttConnAckPacket;
-            if (connAckPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttConnAckPacket connAckPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(connAckPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var disconnectPacket = packet as MqttDisconnectPacket;
-            if (disconnectPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttDisconnectPacket disconnectPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(disconnectPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var pingReqPacket = packet as MqttPingReqPacket;
-            if (pingReqPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPingReqPacket pingReqPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(pingReqPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var pingRespPacket = packet as MqttPingRespPacket;
-            if (pingRespPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPingRespPacket pingRespPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(pingRespPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var publishPacket = packet as MqttPublishPacket;
-            if (publishPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(publishPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var pubAckPacket = packet as MqttPubAckPacket;
-            if (pubAckPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPubAckPacket pubAckPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(pubAckPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var pubRecPacket = packet as MqttPubRecPacket;
-            if (pubRecPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPubRecPacket pubRecPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(pubRecPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var pubRelPacket = packet as MqttPubRelPacket;
-            if (pubRelPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPubRelPacket pubRelPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(pubRelPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var pubCompPacket = packet as MqttPubCompPacket;
-            if (pubCompPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPubCompPacket pubCompPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(pubCompPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var subscribePacket = packet as MqttSubscribePacket;
-            if (subscribePacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttSubscribePacket subscribePacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(subscribePacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var subAckPacket = packet as MqttSubAckPacket;
-            if (subAckPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttSubAckPacket subAckPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(subAckPacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var unsubscribePacket = packet as MqttUnsubscribePacket;
-            if (unsubscribePacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttUnsubscribePacket unsubscribePacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(unsubscribePacket, destination);
             }
 
-            var unsubAckPacket = packet as MqttUnsubAckPacket;
-            if (unsubAckPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttUnsubAckPacket unsubAckPacket)
             {
                 return SerializeAsync(unsubAckPacket, destination);
             }
@@ -206,7 +197,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeUnsubscribeAsync(MqttPacketReader reader)
+        private static async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeUnsubscribeAsync(MqttPacketReader reader)
         {
             var packet = new MqttUnsubscribePacket
             {
@@ -221,7 +212,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             return packet;
         }
 
-        private async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeSubscribeAsync(MqttPacketReader reader)
+        private static async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeSubscribeAsync(MqttPacketReader reader)
         {
             var packet = new MqttSubscribePacket
             {
@@ -238,7 +229,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             return packet;
         }
 
-        private async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializePublishAsync(MqttPacketReader reader)
+        private static async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializePublishAsync(MqttPacketReader reader)
         {
             var fixedHeader = new ByteReader(reader.FixedHeader);
             var retain = fixedHeader.Read();
@@ -266,18 +257,24 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             return packet;
         }
 
-        private async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeConnectAsync(MqttPacketReader reader)
+        private static async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeConnectAsync(MqttPacketReader reader)
         {
-            var packet = new MqttConnectPacket();
-
-            await reader.ReadRemainingDataByteAsync();
-            await reader.ReadRemainingDataByteAsync();
+            await reader.ReadRemainingDataAsync(2); // Skip 2 bytes
 
+            MqttProtocolVersion protocolVersion;
             var protocolName = await reader.ReadRemainingDataAsync(4);
-
-            if (Encoding.UTF8.GetString(protocolName, 0, protocolName.Length) != "MQTT")
+            if (protocolName.SequenceEqual(ProtocolVersionV310Name))
             {
-                throw new MqttProtocolViolationException("Protocol name is not 'MQTT'.");
+                await reader.ReadRemainingDataAsync(2);
+                protocolVersion = MqttProtocolVersion.V310;
+            }
+            else if (protocolName.SequenceEqual(ProtocolVersionV311Name))
+            {
+                protocolVersion = MqttProtocolVersion.V311;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new MqttProtocolViolationException("Protocol name is not supported.");
             }
 
             var protocolLevel = await reader.ReadRemainingDataByteAsync();
@@ -285,7 +282,13 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
 
             var connectFlagsReader = new ByteReader(connectFlags);
             connectFlagsReader.Read(); // Reserved.
-            packet.CleanSession = connectFlagsReader.Read();
+
+            var packet = new MqttConnectPacket
+            {
+                ProtocolVersion = protocolVersion,
+                CleanSession = connectFlagsReader.Read()
+            };
+
             var willFlag = connectFlagsReader.Read();
             var willQoS = connectFlagsReader.Read(2);
             var willRetain = connectFlagsReader.Read();
@@ -318,7 +321,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             return packet;
         }
 
-        private async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeSubAck(MqttPacketReader reader)
+        private static async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeSubAck(MqttPacketReader reader)
         {
             var packet = new MqttSubAckPacket
             {
@@ -333,7 +336,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             return packet;
         }
 
-        private async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeConnAck(MqttPacketReader reader)
+        private static async Task<MqttBasePacket> DeserializeConnAck(MqttPacketReader reader)
         {
             var variableHeader1 = await reader.ReadRemainingDataByteAsync();
             var variableHeader2 = await reader.ReadRemainingDataByteAsync();
@@ -347,7 +350,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             return packet;
         }
 
-        private void ValidateConnectPacket(MqttConnectPacket packet)
+        private static void ValidateConnectPacket(MqttConnectPacket packet)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(packet.ClientId) && !packet.CleanSession)
             {
@@ -355,7 +358,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private void ValidatePublishPacket(MqttPublishPacket packet)
+        private static void ValidatePublishPacket(MqttPublishPacket packet)
         {
             if (packet.QualityOfServiceLevel == 0 && packet.Dup)
             {
@@ -363,8 +366,6 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private static readonly byte[] MqttPrefix = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("MQTT");
-
         private Task SerializeAsync(MqttConnectPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             ValidateConnectPacket(packet);
@@ -373,9 +374,19 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             {
                 // Write variable header
                 output.Write(0x00, 0x04); // 3.1.2.1 Protocol Name
-                output.Write(MqttPrefix);
-                output.Write(0x04); // 3.1.2.2 Protocol Level
-
+                if (ProtocolVersion == MqttProtocolVersion.V311)
+                {
+                    output.Write(ProtocolVersionV311Name);
+                    output.Write(0x04); // 3.1.2.2 Protocol Level (4)
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    output.Write(ProtocolVersionV310Name);
+                    output.Write(0x64);
+                    output.Write(0x70);
+                    output.Write(0x03); // Protocol Level (3)
+                }
+                
                 var connectFlags = new ByteWriter(); // 3.1.2.3 Connect Flags
                 connectFlags.Write(false); // Reserved
                 connectFlags.Write(packet.CleanSession);
@@ -425,8 +436,12 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
             {
                 var connectAcknowledgeFlags = new ByteWriter();
-                connectAcknowledgeFlags.Write(packet.IsSessionPresent);
 
+                if (ProtocolVersion == MqttProtocolVersion.V311)
+                {
+                    connectAcknowledgeFlags.Write(packet.IsSessionPresent);
+                }
+                
                 output.Write(connectAcknowledgeFlags);
                 output.Write((byte)packet.ConnectReturnCode);
 
@@ -435,22 +450,33 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttDisconnectPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static async Task SerializeAsync(MqttPubRelPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        {
+            using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
+            {
+                output.Write(packet.PacketIdentifier);
+
+                output.InjectFixedHeader(MqttControlPacketType.PubRel, 0x02);
+                await output.WriteToAsync(destination);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttDisconnectPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             return SerializeEmptyPacketAsync(MqttControlPacketType.Disconnect, destination);
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttPingReqPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttPingReqPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             return SerializeEmptyPacketAsync(MqttControlPacketType.PingReq, destination);
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttPingRespPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttPingRespPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             return SerializeEmptyPacketAsync(MqttControlPacketType.PingResp, destination);
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttPublishPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttPublishPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             ValidatePublishPacket(packet);
 
@@ -485,7 +511,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttPubAckPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttPubAckPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
             {
@@ -496,7 +522,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttPubRecPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttPubRecPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
             {
@@ -507,18 +533,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private async Task SerializeAsync(MqttPubRelPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
-        {
-            using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
-            {
-                output.Write(packet.PacketIdentifier);
-
-                output.InjectFixedHeader(MqttControlPacketType.PubRel, 0x02);
-                await output.WriteToAsync(destination);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttPubCompPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttPubCompPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
             {
@@ -529,7 +544,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttSubscribePacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttSubscribePacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
             {
@@ -549,7 +564,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttSubAckPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttSubAckPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
             {
@@ -568,7 +583,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttUnsubscribePacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttUnsubscribePacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
             {
@@ -587,7 +602,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeAsync(MqttUnsubAckPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeAsync(MqttUnsubAckPacket packet, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
             {
@@ -598,7 +613,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
             }
         }
 
-        private Task SerializeEmptyPacketAsync(MqttControlPacketType type, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
+        private static Task SerializeEmptyPacketAsync(MqttControlPacketType type, IMqttCommunicationChannel destination)
         {
             using (var output = new MqttPacketWriter())
             {

MQTTnet.Core/Serializer/MqttPacketWriter.cs

@@ -9,46 +9,13 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
 {
     public sealed class MqttPacketWriter : IDisposable
     {
-        private readonly MemoryStream _buffer = new MemoryStream(512);
-
-        public void InjectFixedHeader(byte fixedHeader)
-        {
-            if (_buffer.Length == 0)
-            {
-                Write(fixedHeader);
-                Write(0);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            var backupBuffer = _buffer.ToArray();
-            var remainingLength = (int)_buffer.Length;
-
-            _buffer.SetLength(0);
-
-            _buffer.WriteByte(fixedHeader);
-
-            // Alorithm taken from http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html.
-            var x = remainingLength;
-            do
-            {
-                var encodedByte = x % 128;
-                x = x / 128;
-                if (x > 0)
-                {
-                    encodedByte = encodedByte | 128;
-                }
-
-                _buffer.WriteByte((byte)encodedByte);
-            } while (x > 0);
-
-            _buffer.Write(backupBuffer, 0, backupBuffer.Length);
-        }
+        private readonly MemoryStream _buffer = new MemoryStream(1024);
 
         public void InjectFixedHeader(MqttControlPacketType packetType, byte flags = 0)
         {
-            var fixedHeader = (byte)((byte)packetType << 4);
+            var fixedHeader = (int)packetType << 4;
             fixedHeader |= flags;
-            InjectFixedHeader(fixedHeader);
+            InjectFixedHeader((byte)fixedHeader);
         }
 
         public void Write(byte value)
@@ -101,5 +68,38 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
         {
             _buffer?.Dispose();
         }
+
+        private void InjectFixedHeader(byte fixedHeader)
+        {
+            if (_buffer.Length == 0)
+            {
+                Write(fixedHeader);
+                Write(0);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var backupBuffer = _buffer.ToArray();
+            var remainingLength = (int)_buffer.Length;
+
+            _buffer.SetLength(0);
+
+            _buffer.WriteByte(fixedHeader);
+
+            // Alorithm taken from http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html.
+            var x = remainingLength;
+            do
+            {
+                var encodedByte = x % 128;
+                x = x / 128;
+                if (x > 0)
+                {
+                    encodedByte = encodedByte | 128;
+                }
+
+                _buffer.WriteByte((byte)encodedByte);
+            } while (x > 0);
+
+            _buffer.Write(backupBuffer, 0, backupBuffer.Length);
+        }
     }
 }

MQTTnet.Core/Serializer/MqttProtocolVersion.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace MQTTnet.Core.Serializer
+{
+    public enum MqttProtocolVersion
+    {
+        V311,
+        V310
+    }
+}

MQTTnet.Core/Server/ConnectedMqttClient.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+using MQTTnet.Core.Serializer;
+
+namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
+{
+    public class ConnectedMqttClient
+    {
+        public string ClientId { get; set; }
+
+        public MqttProtocolVersion ProtocolVersion { get; set; }
+    }
+}

MQTTnet.Core/Server/IMqttServer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using MQTTnet.Core.Adapter;
+
+namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
+{
+    public interface IMqttServer
+    {
+        event EventHandler<MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs> ApplicationMessageReceived;
+        event EventHandler<MqttClientConnectedEventArgs> ClientConnected;
+
+        IList<ConnectedMqttClient> GetConnectedClients();
+        void InjectClient(string identifier, IMqttCommunicationAdapter adapter);
+        void Publish(MqttApplicationMessage applicationMessage);
+        void Start();
+        void Stop();
+    }
+}

MQTTnet.Core/Server/MqttClientMessageQueue.cs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
             _adapter = adapter ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(adapter));
             _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
 
-            Task.Run(() => SendPendingPublishPacketsAsync(_cancellationTokenSource.Token));
+            Task.Run(() => SendPendingPublishPacketsAsync(_cancellationTokenSource.Token), _cancellationTokenSource.Token);
         }
 
         public void Stop()
@@ -45,14 +45,13 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
             _cancellationTokenSource = null;
         }
 
-        public void Enqueue(MqttClientSession senderClientSession, MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
+        public void Enqueue(MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
         {
-            if (senderClientSession == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(senderClientSession));
             if (publishPacket == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(publishPacket));
 
             lock (_pendingPublishPackets)
             {
-                _pendingPublishPackets.Add(new MqttClientPublishPacketContext(senderClientSession, publishPacket));
+                _pendingPublishPackets.Add(new MqttClientPublishPacketContext(publishPacket));
                 _gate.Set();
             }
         }

MQTTnet.Core/Server/MqttClientPublishPacketContext.cs

@@ -5,14 +5,11 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 {
     public sealed class MqttClientPublishPacketContext
     {
-        public MqttClientPublishPacketContext(MqttClientSession senderClientSession, MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
+        public MqttClientPublishPacketContext(MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
         {
-            SenderClientSession = senderClientSession ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(senderClientSession));
             PublishPacket = publishPacket ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(publishPacket));
         }
 
-        public MqttClientSession SenderClientSession { get; }
-
         public MqttPublishPacket PublishPacket { get; }
 
         public int SendTries { get; set; }

MQTTnet.Core/Server/MqttClientSession.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Adapter;
@@ -13,15 +13,14 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 {
     public sealed class MqttClientSession : IDisposable
     {
-        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ushort, MqttPublishPacket> _pendingIncomingPublications = new ConcurrentDictionary<ushort, MqttPublishPacket>();
+        private readonly HashSet<ushort> _unacknowledgedPublishPackets = new HashSet<ushort>();
 
         private readonly MqttClientSubscriptionsManager _subscriptionsManager = new MqttClientSubscriptionsManager();
         private readonly MqttClientMessageQueue _messageQueue;
         private readonly Action<MqttClientSession, MqttPublishPacket> _publishPacketReceivedCallback;
         private readonly MqttServerOptions _options;
-        
+
         private CancellationTokenSource _cancellationTokenSource;
-        private IMqttCommunicationAdapter _adapter;
         private string _identifier;
         private MqttApplicationMessage _willApplicationMessage;
 
@@ -36,7 +35,9 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 
         public string ClientId { get; }
 
-        public bool IsConnected => _adapter != null;
+        public bool IsConnected => Adapter != null;
+
+        public IMqttCommunicationAdapter Adapter { get; private set; }
 
         public async Task RunAsync(string identifier, MqttApplicationMessage willApplicationMessage, IMqttCommunicationAdapter adapter)
         {
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
             try
             {
                 _identifier = identifier;
-                _adapter = adapter;
+                Adapter = adapter;
                 _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
 
                 _messageQueue.Start(adapter);
@@ -73,23 +74,22 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 
                 _messageQueue.Stop();
                 _cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
-                _adapter = null;
+                Adapter = null;
 
                 MqttTrace.Information(nameof(MqttClientSession), $"Client '{_identifier}': Disconnected.");
             }
         }
 
-        public void EnqueuePublishPacket(MqttClientSession senderClientSession, MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
+        public void EnqueuePublishPacket(MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
         {
-            if (senderClientSession == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(senderClientSession));
             if (publishPacket == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(publishPacket));
 
-            if (!_subscriptionsManager.IsTopicSubscribed(publishPacket))
+            if (!_subscriptionsManager.IsSubscribed(publishPacket))
             {
                 return;
             }
 
-            _messageQueue.Enqueue(senderClientSession, publishPacket);
+            _messageQueue.Enqueue(publishPacket);
             MqttTrace.Verbose(nameof(MqttClientSession), $"Client '{_identifier}: Enqueued pending publish packet.");
         }
 
@@ -101,39 +101,40 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 
         private Task HandleIncomingPacketAsync(MqttBasePacket packet)
         {
-            var subscribePacket = packet as MqttSubscribePacket;
-            if (subscribePacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttSubscribePacket subscribePacket)
             {
-                return _adapter.SendPacketAsync(_subscriptionsManager.Subscribe(subscribePacket), _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
+                return Adapter.SendPacketAsync(_subscriptionsManager.Subscribe(subscribePacket), _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
             }
 
-            var unsubscribePacket = packet as MqttUnsubscribePacket;
-            if (unsubscribePacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttUnsubscribePacket unsubscribePacket)
             {
-                return _adapter.SendPacketAsync(_subscriptionsManager.Unsubscribe(unsubscribePacket), _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
+                return Adapter.SendPacketAsync(_subscriptionsManager.Unsubscribe(unsubscribePacket), _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
             }
 
-            var publishPacket = packet as MqttPublishPacket;
-            if (publishPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
             {
                 return HandleIncomingPublishPacketAsync(publishPacket);
             }
 
-            var pubRelPacket = packet as MqttPubRelPacket;
-            if (pubRelPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPubRelPacket pubRelPacket)
             {
                 return HandleIncomingPubRelPacketAsync(pubRelPacket);
             }
 
-            var pubAckPacket = packet as MqttPubAckPacket;
-            if (pubAckPacket != null)
+            if (packet is MqttPubRecPacket pubRecPacket)
             {
-                return HandleIncomingPubAckPacketAsync(pubAckPacket);
+                return Adapter.SendPacketAsync(pubRecPacket.CreateResponse<MqttPubRelPacket>(), _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
+            }
+
+            if (packet is MqttPubAckPacket || packet is MqttPubCompPacket)
+            {
+                // Discard message.
+                return Task.FromResult((object)null);
             }
 
             if (packet is MqttPingReqPacket)
             {
-                return _adapter.SendPacketAsync(new MqttPingRespPacket(), _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
+                return Adapter.SendPacketAsync(new MqttPingRespPacket(), _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
             }
 
             if (packet is MqttDisconnectPacket || packet is MqttConnectPacket)
@@ -148,39 +149,44 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
             return Task.FromResult((object)null);
         }
 
-        private async Task HandleIncomingPubAckPacketAsync(MqttPubAckPacket pubAckPacket)
-        {
-            await Task.FromResult((object)null);
-        }
-
-        private async Task HandleIncomingPublishPacketAsync(MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
+        private Task HandleIncomingPublishPacketAsync(MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
         {
             if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel == MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce)
             {
                 _publishPacketReceivedCallback(this, publishPacket);
+                return Task.FromResult(0);
             }
-            else if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel == MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtLeastOnce)
+
+            if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel == MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtLeastOnce)
             {
-                await _adapter.SendPacketAsync(new MqttPubAckPacket { PacketIdentifier = publishPacket.PacketIdentifier }, _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
                 _publishPacketReceivedCallback(this, publishPacket);
+                return Adapter.SendPacketAsync(new MqttPubAckPacket { PacketIdentifier = publishPacket.PacketIdentifier }, _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
             }
-            else if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel == MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.ExactlyOnce)
+
+            if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel == MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.ExactlyOnce)
             {
-                _pendingIncomingPublications[publishPacket.PacketIdentifier] = publishPacket;
-                await _adapter.SendPacketAsync(new MqttPubRecPacket { PacketIdentifier = publishPacket.PacketIdentifier }, _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
+                // QoS 2 is implement as method "B" [4.3.3 QoS 2: Exactly once delivery]
+                lock (_unacknowledgedPublishPackets)
+                {
+                    _unacknowledgedPublishPackets.Add(publishPacket.PacketIdentifier);
+                }
+
+                _publishPacketReceivedCallback(this, publishPacket);
+
+                return Adapter.SendPacketAsync(new MqttPubRecPacket { PacketIdentifier = publishPacket.PacketIdentifier }, _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
             }
+
+            throw new MqttCommunicationException("Received a not supported QoS level.");
         }
 
-        private async Task HandleIncomingPubRelPacketAsync(MqttPubRelPacket pubRelPacket)
+        private Task HandleIncomingPubRelPacketAsync(MqttPubRelPacket pubRelPacket)
         {
-            MqttPublishPacket publishPacket;
-            if (!_pendingIncomingPublications.TryRemove(pubRelPacket.PacketIdentifier, out publishPacket))
+            lock (_unacknowledgedPublishPackets)
             {
-                return;
+                _unacknowledgedPublishPackets.Remove(pubRelPacket.PacketIdentifier);
             }
 
-            await _adapter.SendPacketAsync(new MqttPubCompPacket { PacketIdentifier = publishPacket.PacketIdentifier }, _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
-            _publishPacketReceivedCallback(this, publishPacket);
+            return Adapter.SendPacketAsync(new MqttPubCompPacket { PacketIdentifier = pubRelPacket.PacketIdentifier }, _options.DefaultCommunicationTimeout);
         }
     }
 }

MQTTnet.Core/Server/MqttClientSessionsManager.cs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
             _options = options ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
         }
 
-        public event EventHandler<MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs> ApplicationMessageReceived; 
+        public event EventHandler<MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs> ApplicationMessageReceived;
 
         public async Task RunClientSessionAsync(MqttClientConnectedEventArgs eventArgs)
         {
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
                     throw new MqttProtocolViolationException("The first packet from a client must be a 'CONNECT' packet [MQTT-3.1.0-1].");
                 }
 
+                // Switch to the required protocol version before sending any response.
+                eventArgs.ClientAdapter.PacketSerializer.ProtocolVersion = connectPacket.ProtocolVersion;
+
                 var connectReturnCode = ValidateConnection(connectPacket);
                 if (connectReturnCode != MqttConnectReturnCode.ConnectionAccepted)
                 {
@@ -73,11 +76,15 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
             }
         }
 
-        public IList<string> GetConnectedClients()
+        public IList<ConnectedMqttClient> GetConnectedClients()
         {
             lock (_syncRoot)
             {
-                return _clientSessions.Where(s => s.Value.IsConnected).Select(s => s.Key).ToList();
+                return _clientSessions.Where(s => s.Value.IsConnected).Select(s => new ConnectedMqttClient
+                {
+                    ClientId = s.Value.ClientId,
+                    ProtocolVersion = s.Value.Adapter.PacketSerializer.ProtocolVersion
+                }).ToList();
             }
         }
 
@@ -127,14 +134,24 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
             }
         }
 
-        private void DispatchPublishPacket(MqttClientSession senderClientSession, MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
+        public void DispatchPublishPacket(MqttClientSession senderClientSession, MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
         {
-            var eventArgs = new MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs(senderClientSession.ClientId, publishPacket.ToApplicationMessage());
-            ApplicationMessageReceived?.Invoke(this, eventArgs);
-
-            foreach (var clientSession in _clientSessions.Values.ToList())
+            try
             {
-                clientSession.EnqueuePublishPacket(senderClientSession, publishPacket);
+                var eventArgs = new MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs(senderClientSession?.ClientId, publishPacket.ToApplicationMessage());
+                ApplicationMessageReceived?.Invoke(this, eventArgs);
+            }
+            catch (Exception exception)
+            {
+                MqttTrace.Error(nameof(MqttClientSessionsManager), exception, "Error while processing application message");
+            }
+
+            lock (_syncRoot)
+            {
+                foreach (var clientSession in _clientSessions.Values.ToList())
+                {
+                    clientSession.EnqueuePublishPacket(publishPacket);
+                }
             }
         }
     }

MQTTnet.Core/Server/MqttClientSubscriptionsManager.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Packets;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Protocol;
 
@@ -7,17 +7,21 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 {
     public sealed class MqttClientSubscriptionsManager
     {
-        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, MqttQualityOfServiceLevel> _subscribedTopics = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, MqttQualityOfServiceLevel>();
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, MqttQualityOfServiceLevel> _subscribedTopics = new Dictionary<string, MqttQualityOfServiceLevel>();
 
         public MqttSubAckPacket Subscribe(MqttSubscribePacket subscribePacket)
         {
             if (subscribePacket == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(subscribePacket));
 
             var responsePacket = subscribePacket.CreateResponse<MqttSubAckPacket>();
-            foreach (var topicFilter in subscribePacket.TopicFilters)
+
+            lock (_subscribedTopics)
             {
-                _subscribedTopics[topicFilter.Topic] = topicFilter.QualityOfServiceLevel;
-                responsePacket.SubscribeReturnCodes.Add(MqttSubscribeReturnCode.SuccessMaximumQoS1); // TODO: Add support for QoS 2.
+                foreach (var topicFilter in subscribePacket.TopicFilters)
+                {
+                    _subscribedTopics[topicFilter.Topic] = topicFilter.QualityOfServiceLevel;
+                    responsePacket.SubscribeReturnCodes.Add(MqttSubscribeReturnCode.SuccessMaximumQoS1); // TODO: Add support for QoS 2.
+                }
             }
 
             return responsePacket;
@@ -27,32 +31,37 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
         {
             if (unsubscribePacket == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(unsubscribePacket));
 
-            foreach (var topicFilter in unsubscribePacket.TopicFilters)
+            lock (_subscribedTopics)
             {
-                MqttQualityOfServiceLevel _;
-                _subscribedTopics.TryRemove(topicFilter, out _);
+                foreach (var topicFilter in unsubscribePacket.TopicFilters)
+                {
+                    _subscribedTopics.Remove(topicFilter);
+                }
             }
 
             return unsubscribePacket.CreateResponse<MqttUnsubAckPacket>();
         }
 
-        public bool IsTopicSubscribed(MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
+        public bool IsSubscribed(MqttPublishPacket publishPacket)
         {
             if (publishPacket == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(publishPacket));
 
-            foreach (var subscribedTopic in _subscribedTopics)
+            lock (_subscribedTopics)
             {
-                if (!MqttTopicFilterComparer.IsMatch(publishPacket.Topic, subscribedTopic.Key))
+                foreach (var subscribedTopic in _subscribedTopics)
                 {
-                    continue;
-                }
+                    if (publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel > subscribedTopic.Value)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
 
-                if (subscribedTopic.Value < publishPacket.QualityOfServiceLevel)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
+                    if (!MqttTopicFilterComparer.IsMatch(publishPacket.Topic, subscribedTopic.Key))
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
 
-                return true;
+                    return true;
+                }
             }
 
             return false;

MQTTnet.Core/Server/MqttServer.cs

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Adapter;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Diagnostics;
+using MQTTnet.Core.Internal;
 
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 {
-    public sealed class MqttServer
+    public sealed class MqttServer : IMqttServer
     {
         private readonly MqttClientSessionsManager _clientSessionsManager;
         private readonly ICollection<IMqttServerAdapter> _adapters;
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
             _clientSessionsManager.ApplicationMessageReceived += (s, e) => ApplicationMessageReceived?.Invoke(s, e);
         }
 
-        public IList<string> GetConnectedClients()
+        public IList<ConnectedMqttClient> GetConnectedClients()
         {
             return _clientSessionsManager.GetConnectedClients();
         }
@@ -33,6 +34,13 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 
         public event EventHandler<MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs> ApplicationMessageReceived;
 
+        public void Publish(MqttApplicationMessage applicationMessage)
+        {
+            if (applicationMessage == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(applicationMessage));
+
+            _clientSessionsManager.DispatchPublishPacket(null, applicationMessage.ToPublishPacket());
+        }
+
         public void InjectClient(string identifier, IMqttCommunicationAdapter adapter)
         {
             if (adapter == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(adapter));

MQTTnet.Core/Server/MqttServerDefaultEndpointOptions.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 {
-    public sealed class DefaultEndpointOptions
+    public sealed class MqttServerDefaultEndpointOptions
     {
         public bool IsEnabled { get; set; } = true;
 

MQTTnet.Core/Server/MqttServerOptions.cs

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
 {
     public sealed class MqttServerOptions
     {
-        public DefaultEndpointOptions DefaultEndpointOptions { get; } = new DefaultEndpointOptions();
+        public MqttServerDefaultEndpointOptions DefaultEndpointOptions { get; } = new MqttServerDefaultEndpointOptions();
 
         public MqttServerTlsEndpointOptions TlsEndpointOptions { get; } = new MqttServerTlsEndpointOptions();
         
         public int ConnectionBacklog { get; set; } = 10;
 
-        public TimeSpan DefaultCommunicationTimeout { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10);
+        public TimeSpan DefaultCommunicationTimeout { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15);
 
         public Func<MqttConnectPacket, MqttConnectReturnCode> ConnectionValidator { get; set; }
     }

MQTTnet.Core/Server/MqttServerTlsEndpointOptionsExtensions.cs

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace MQTTnet.Core.Server
-{
-    public static class MqttServerTlsEndpointOptionsExtensions
-    {
-        public static int GetPort(this DefaultEndpointOptions options)
-        {
-            if (options == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
-
-            if (!options.Port.HasValue)
-            {
-                return 1883;
-            }
-
-            return options.Port.Value;
-        }
-    }
-}

MQTTnet.sln

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
 # Visual Studio 15
-VisualStudioVersion = 15.0.26430.15
+VisualStudioVersion = 15.0.26430.16
 MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "MQTTnet.Core.Tests", "Tests\MQTTnet.Core.Tests\MQTTnet.Core.Tests.csproj", "{A7FF0C91-25DE-4BA6-B39E-F54E8DADF1CC}"
 EndProject
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "Build", "Build", "{67C28AC1
 		Build\MQTTnet.nuspec = Build\MQTTnet.nuspec
 	EndProjectSection
 EndProject
+Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "Solution Items", "Solution Items", "{B3F60ECB-45BA-4C66-8903-8BB89CA67998}"
+	ProjectSection(SolutionItems) = preProject
+		README.md = README.md
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU

README.md

@@ -2,48 +2,59 @@
 <img src="https://github.com/chkr1011/MQTTnet/blob/master/Images/Logo_128x128.png?raw=true" width="128">
 </p>
 
-[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/MQTTnet.svg)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/MQTTnet/)
+[![NuGet Badge](https://buildstats.info/nuget/MQTTnet)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/MQTTnet)
 
 # MQTTnet
-MQTTnet is a .NET library for MQTT based communication. It provides a MQTT client and a MQTT server. The implementation is based on the documentation from http://mqtt.org/.
+MQTTnet is a .NET library for MQTT based communication. It provides a MQTT client and a MQTT server (broker). The implementation is based on the documentation from http://mqtt.org/.
 
-## Features
-* MQTT client included
-* MQTT server (broker) included
-* TLS 1.2 support for client and server (but not UWP servers)
+# Features
+
+## General
 * Async support
-* List of connected clients available (server only)
+* TLS 1.2 support for client and server (but not UWP servers)
 * Extensible communication channels (i.e. In-Memory, TCP, TCP+SSL, WebSockets (not included in this project))
-* Access to internal trace messages
-* Extensible client credential validation (server only)
-* Unit tested (48+ tests)
+* Interfaces included for mocking and testing
 * Lightweight (only the low level implementation of MQTT, no overhead)
+* Access to internal trace messages
+* Unit tested (50+ tests)
 
-## Supported frameworks
+## Client
+* Rx support (via another project)
+
+## Server (broker)
+* List of connected clients available
+* Supports connected clients with different protocol versions at the same time
+* Able to publish its own messages (no loopback client required)
+* Able to receive every messages (no loopback client required)
+* Extensible client credential validation
+
+# Supported frameworks
 * .NET Standard 1.3+
 * .NET Core 1.1+
 * .NET Core App 1.1+
 * .NET Framework 4.5.2+ (x86, x64, AnyCPU)
 * Universal Windows (UWP) 10.0.10240+ (x86, x64, ARM, AnyCPU)
 
-## Supported MQTT versions
+# Supported MQTT versions
 * 3.1.1
+* 3.1.0
 
-## Nuget
+# Nuget
 This library is available as a nuget package: https://www.nuget.org/packages/MQTTnet/
 
-## Contributions
+# Contributions
 If you want to contribute to this project just create a pull request.
 
-## References
+# References
 This library is used in the following projects:
 
+* MQTT Client Rx (Wrapper for Reactive Extensions, https://github.com/1iveowl/MQTTClient.rx)
 * HA4IoT (Open Source Home Automation system for .NET, https://github.com/chkr1011/HA4IoT)
 
 If you use this library and want to see your project here please let me know.
 
-# MqttClient
-## Example
+# Examples
+## MqttClient
 
 ```csharp
 var options = new MqttClientOptions
@@ -115,9 +126,7 @@ while (true)
 }
 ```
 
-# MqttServer
-
-## Example 
+## MqttServer
 
 ```csharp
 var options = new MqttServerOptions

Tests/MQTTnet.Core.Tests/MQTTnet.Core.Tests.csproj

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <Compile Include="ByteReaderTests.cs" />
     <Compile Include="ByteWriterTests.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializerTests.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="MqttPacketSerializerTests.cs" />
     <Compile Include="MqttServerTests.cs" />
     <Compile Include="MqttSubscriptionsManagerTests.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />

Tests/MQTTnet.Core.Tests/MqttPacketSerializerTests.cs

@@ -12,8 +12,23 @@ using MQTTnet.Core.Serializer;
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
 {
     [TestClass]
-    public class DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializerTests
+    public class MqttPacketSerializerTests
     {
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SerializeV310_MqttConnectPacket()
+        {
+            var p = new MqttConnectPacket
+            {
+                ClientId = "XYZ",
+                Password = "PASS",
+                Username = "USER",
+                KeepAlivePeriod = 123,
+                CleanSession = true
+            };
+
+            SerializeAndCompare(p, "EB0ABE1RSXNkcAPCAHsAA1hZWgAEVVNFUgAEUEFTUw==", MqttProtocolVersion.V310);
+        }
+
         [TestMethod]
         public void SerializeV311_MqttConnectPacket()
         {
@@ -96,6 +111,17 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
             SerializeAndCompare(p, "IAIBBQ==");
         }
 
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SerializeV310_MqttConnAckPacket()
+        {
+            var p = new MqttConnAckPacket
+            {
+                ConnectReturnCode = MqttConnectReturnCode.ConnectionAccepted
+            };
+
+            SerializeAndCompare(p, "IAIAAA==", MqttProtocolVersion.V310);
+        }
+
         [TestMethod]
         public void DeserializeV311_MqttConnAckPacket()
         {
@@ -403,9 +429,9 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
             }
         }
 
-        private void SerializeAndCompare(MqttBasePacket packet, string expectedBase64Value)
+        private void SerializeAndCompare(MqttBasePacket packet, string expectedBase64Value, MqttProtocolVersion protocolVersion = MqttProtocolVersion.V311)
         {
-            var serializer = new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer();
+            var serializer = new MqttPacketSerializer { ProtocolVersion = protocolVersion };
             var channel = new TestChannel();
             serializer.SerializeAsync(packet, channel).Wait();
             var buffer = channel.ToArray();
@@ -415,7 +441,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
 
         private void DeserializeAndCompare(MqttBasePacket packet, string expectedBase64Value)
         {
-            var serializer = new DefaultMqttV311PacketSerializer();
+            var serializer = new MqttPacketSerializer();
 
             var channel1 = new TestChannel();
             serializer.SerializeAsync(packet, channel1).Wait();

Tests/MQTTnet.Core.Tests/MqttServerTests.cs

@@ -68,7 +68,64 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
             Assert.AreEqual(1, receivedMessagesCount);
         }
 
-        private MqttClient ConnectTestClient(string clientId, MqttApplicationMessage willMessage, MqttServer server)
+        [TestMethod]
+        public async Task MqttServer_Unsubscribe()
+        {
+            var s = new MqttServer(new MqttServerOptions(), new List<IMqttServerAdapter> { new TestMqttServerAdapter() });
+            s.Start();
+
+            var c1 = ConnectTestClient("c1", null, s);
+            var c2 = ConnectTestClient("c2", null, s);
+
+            var receivedMessagesCount = 0;
+            c1.ApplicationMessageReceived += (_, __) => receivedMessagesCount++;
+            
+            var message = new MqttApplicationMessage("a", new byte[0], MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtLeastOnce, false);
+
+            await c2.PublishAsync(message);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, receivedMessagesCount);
+
+            await c1.SubscribeAsync(new TopicFilter("a", MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtLeastOnce));
+            await c2.PublishAsync(message);
+
+            await Task.Delay(500);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, receivedMessagesCount);
+
+            await c1.Unsubscribe("a");
+            await c2.PublishAsync(message);
+
+            await Task.Delay(500);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, receivedMessagesCount);
+
+            s.Stop();
+            await Task.Delay(500);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, receivedMessagesCount);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public async Task MqttServer_Publish()
+        {
+            var s = new MqttServer(new MqttServerOptions(), new List<IMqttServerAdapter> { new TestMqttServerAdapter() });
+            s.Start();
+
+            var c1 = ConnectTestClient("c1", null, s);
+
+            var receivedMessagesCount = 0;
+            c1.ApplicationMessageReceived += (_, __) => receivedMessagesCount++;
+
+            var message = new MqttApplicationMessage("a", new byte[0], MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtLeastOnce, false);
+            await c1.SubscribeAsync(new TopicFilter("a", MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtLeastOnce));
+
+            s.Publish(message);
+            await Task.Delay(500);
+
+            s.Stop();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, receivedMessagesCount);
+        }
+
+        private static MqttClient ConnectTestClient(string clientId, MqttApplicationMessage willMessage, MqttServer server)
         {
             var adapterA = new TestMqttCommunicationAdapter();
             var adapterB = new TestMqttCommunicationAdapter();

Tests/MQTTnet.Core.Tests/MqttSubscriptionsManagerTests.cs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
                 QualityOfServiceLevel = MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce
             };
 
-            Assert.IsTrue(sm.IsTopicSubscribed(pp));
+            Assert.IsTrue(sm.IsSubscribed(pp));
         }
 
         [TestMethod]
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
                 QualityOfServiceLevel = MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce
             };
 
-            Assert.IsFalse(sm.IsTopicSubscribed(pp));
+            Assert.IsFalse(sm.IsSubscribed(pp));
         }
 
         [TestMethod]
@@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
                 QualityOfServiceLevel = MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce
             };
 
-            Assert.IsTrue(sm.IsTopicSubscribed(pp));
+            Assert.IsTrue(sm.IsSubscribed(pp));
 
             var up = new MqttUnsubscribePacket();
             up.TopicFilters.Add("A/B/C");
             sm.Unsubscribe(up);
 
-            Assert.IsFalse(sm.IsTopicSubscribed(pp));
+            Assert.IsFalse(sm.IsSubscribed(pp));
         }
     }
 }

Tests/MQTTnet.Core.Tests/TestMqttCommunicationAdapter.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Adapter;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Client;
 using MQTTnet.Core.Packets;
+using MQTTnet.Core.Serializer;
 
 namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
 {
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ namespace MQTTnet.Core.Tests
 
         public TestMqttCommunicationAdapter Partner { get; set; }
 
+        public IMqttPacketSerializer PacketSerializer { get; } = new MqttPacketSerializer();
+
         public async Task ConnectAsync(MqttClientOptions options, TimeSpan timeout)
         {
             await Task.FromResult(0);

Tests/MQTTnet.TestApp.UniversalWindows/MainPage.xaml.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace MQTTnet.TestApp.UniversalWindows
 {
     public sealed partial class MainPage
     {
-        private MqttClient _mqttClient;
+        private IMqttClient _mqttClient;
 
         public MainPage()
         {