diff --git a/src/media/video/decode/aom/aom_av1_decoder.cpp b/src/media/video/decode/aom/aom_av1_decoder.cpp
index d3a4cc4..d060e89 100644
--- a/src/media/video/decode/aom/aom_av1_decoder.cpp
+++ b/src/media/video/decode/aom/aom_av1_decoder.cpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ int AomAv1Decoder::Init() {
 
 int AomAv1Decoder::Decode(
     std::unique_ptr<ReceivedFrame> received_frame,
-    std::function<void(const DecodedFrame &)> on_receive_decoded_frame) {
+    std::function<void(const DecodedFrame *)> on_receive_decoded_frame) {
   const uint8_t *data = received_frame->Buffer();
   size_t size = received_frame->Size();
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ int AomAv1Decoder::Decode(
     fwrite((unsigned char *)decoded_frame_->Buffer(), 1, decoded_frame_->Size(),
            file_nv12_);
 #endif
-    on_receive_decoded_frame(*decoded_frame_);
+    on_receive_decoded_frame(decoded_frame_);
 
     return 0;
   }
diff --git a/src/media/video/decode/aom/aom_av1_decoder.h b/src/media/video/decode/aom/aom_av1_decoder.h
index e69a3ee..aff390d 100644
--- a/src/media/video/decode/aom/aom_av1_decoder.h
+++ b/src/media/video/decode/aom/aom_av1_decoder.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class AomAv1Decoder : public VideoDecoder {
 
   int Decode(
       std::unique_ptr<ReceivedFrame> received_frame,
-      std::function<void(const DecodedFrame &)> on_receive_decoded_frame);
+      std::function<void(const DecodedFrame *)> on_receive_decoded_frame);
 
   std::string GetDecoderName() { return "AomAv1"; }
 
diff --git a/src/media/video/decode/dav1d/dav1d_av1_decoder.cpp b/src/media/video/decode/dav1d/dav1d_av1_decoder.cpp
index b2dd2d6..15757d9 100644
--- a/src/media/video/decode/dav1d/dav1d_av1_decoder.cpp
+++ b/src/media/video/decode/dav1d/dav1d_av1_decoder.cpp
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ int Dav1dAv1Decoder::Init() {
 
 int Dav1dAv1Decoder::Decode(
     std::unique_ptr<ReceivedFrame> received_frame,
-    std::function<void(const DecodedFrame &)> on_receive_decoded_frame) {
+    std::function<void(const DecodedFrame *)> on_receive_decoded_frame) {
   const uint8_t *data = received_frame->Buffer();
   size_t size = received_frame->Size();
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ int Dav1dAv1Decoder::Decode(
   fwrite((unsigned char *)decoded_frame_->Buffer(), 1, decoded_frame_->Size(),
          file_nv12_);
 #endif
-  on_receive_decoded_frame(*decoded_frame_);
+  on_receive_decoded_frame(decoded_frame_);
 
   return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/media/video/decode/dav1d/dav1d_av1_decoder.h b/src/media/video/decode/dav1d/dav1d_av1_decoder.h
index 8927186..038f9b7 100644
--- a/src/media/video/decode/dav1d/dav1d_av1_decoder.h
+++ b/src/media/video/decode/dav1d/dav1d_av1_decoder.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class Dav1dAv1Decoder : public VideoDecoder {
 
   int Decode(
       std::unique_ptr<ReceivedFrame> received_frame,
-      std::function<void(const DecodedFrame &)> on_receive_decoded_frame);
+      std::function<void(const DecodedFrame *)> on_receive_decoded_frame);
 
   std::string GetDecoderName() { return "Dav1dAv1"; }
 
diff --git a/src/media/video/decode/nvcodec/nvidia_video_decoder.cpp b/src/media/video/decode/nvcodec/nvidia_video_decoder.cpp
index 49b19b2..d6379e3 100644
--- a/src/media/video/decode/nvcodec/nvidia_video_decoder.cpp
+++ b/src/media/video/decode/nvcodec/nvidia_video_decoder.cpp
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ int NvidiaVideoDecoder::Init() {
 
 int NvidiaVideoDecoder::Decode(
     std::unique_ptr<ReceivedFrame> received_frame,
-    std::function<void(const DecodedFrame &)> on_receive_decoded_frame) {
+    std::function<void(const DecodedFrame *)> on_receive_decoded_frame) {
   if (!decoder) {
     return -1;
   }
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ int NvidiaVideoDecoder::Decode(
           fwrite((unsigned char *)decoded_frame_->Buffer(), 1,
                  decoded_frame_->Size(), file_nv12_);
 #endif
-          on_receive_decoded_frame(*decoded_frame_);
+          on_receive_decoded_frame(decoded_frame_);
         }
       }
     }
diff --git a/src/media/video/decode/nvcodec/nvidia_video_decoder.h b/src/media/video/decode/nvcodec/nvidia_video_decoder.h
index 5628bd2..6f44c77 100644
--- a/src/media/video/decode/nvcodec/nvidia_video_decoder.h
+++ b/src/media/video/decode/nvcodec/nvidia_video_decoder.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class NvidiaVideoDecoder : public VideoDecoder {
   int Init();
 
   int Decode(std::unique_ptr<ReceivedFrame> received_frame,
-             std::function<void(const DecodedFrame&)> on_receive_decoded_frame);
+             std::function<void(const DecodedFrame*)> on_receive_decoded_frame);
 
   std::string GetDecoderName() { return "NvidiaH264"; }
 
diff --git a/src/media/video/decode/openh264/openh264_decoder.cpp b/src/media/video/decode/openh264/openh264_decoder.cpp
index 7fe0b10..e4e2e1c 100644
--- a/src/media/video/decode/openh264/openh264_decoder.cpp
+++ b/src/media/video/decode/openh264/openh264_decoder.cpp
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ int OpenH264Decoder::Init() {
 
 int OpenH264Decoder::Decode(
     std::unique_ptr<ReceivedFrame> received_frame,
-    std::function<void(const DecodedFrame &)> on_receive_decoded_frame) {
+    std::function<void(const DecodedFrame *)> on_receive_decoded_frame) {
   if (!openh264_decoder_) {
     return -1;
   }
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ int OpenH264Decoder::Decode(
       fwrite((unsigned char *)decoded_frame_->Buffer(), 1,
              decoded_frame_->Size(), nv12_stream_);
 #endif
-      on_receive_decoded_frame(*decoded_frame_);
+      on_receive_decoded_frame(decoded_frame_);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/media/video/decode/openh264/openh264_decoder.h b/src/media/video/decode/openh264/openh264_decoder.h
index fbdb09e..3f6ad5c 100644
--- a/src/media/video/decode/openh264/openh264_decoder.h
+++ b/src/media/video/decode/openh264/openh264_decoder.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class OpenH264Decoder : public VideoDecoder {
   int Init();
 
   int Decode(std::unique_ptr<ReceivedFrame> received_frame,
-             std::function<void(const DecodedFrame&)> on_receive_decoded_frame);
+             std::function<void(const DecodedFrame*)> on_receive_decoded_frame);
 
   std::string GetDecoderName() { return "OpenH264"; }
 
diff --git a/src/media/video/decode/video_decoder.h b/src/media/video/decode/video_decoder.h
index 6c63055..f721df8 100644
--- a/src/media/video/decode/video_decoder.h
+++ b/src/media/video/decode/video_decoder.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class VideoDecoder {
 
   virtual int Decode(
       std::unique_ptr<ReceivedFrame> received_frame,
-      std::function<void(const DecodedFrame&)> on_receive_decoded_frame) = 0;
+      std::function<void(const DecodedFrame*)> on_receive_decoded_frame) = 0;
 
   virtual std::string GetDecoderName() = 0;
 
diff --git a/src/transport/ice_transport_controller.cpp b/src/transport/ice_transport_controller.cpp
index ebf1ffe..2f2a200 100644
--- a/src/transport/ice_transport_controller.cpp
+++ b/src/transport/ice_transport_controller.cpp
@@ -319,19 +319,19 @@ void IceTransportController::OnReceiveCompleteFrame(
     uint64_t t = clock_->CurrentTime();
     if (video_decoder_) {
       int num_frame_returned = video_decoder_->Decode(
-          std::move(received_frame), [this](const DecodedFrame& decoded_frame) {
-            if (on_receive_video_) {
+          std::move(received_frame), [this](const DecodedFrame* decoded_frame) {
+            if (on_receive_video_ && decoded_frame) {
               XVideoFrame x_video_frame;
-              x_video_frame.data = (const char*)decoded_frame.Buffer();
-              x_video_frame.width = decoded_frame.DecodedWidth();
-              x_video_frame.height = decoded_frame.DecodedHeight();
-              x_video_frame.size = decoded_frame.Size();
+              x_video_frame.data = (const char*)decoded_frame->Buffer();
+              x_video_frame.width = decoded_frame->DecodedWidth();
+              x_video_frame.height = decoded_frame->DecodedHeight();
+              x_video_frame.size = decoded_frame->Size();
               x_video_frame.captured_timestamp =
-                  decoded_frame.CapturedTimestamp();
+                  decoded_frame->CapturedTimestamp();
               x_video_frame.received_timestamp =
-                  decoded_frame.ReceivedTimestamp();
+                  decoded_frame->ReceivedTimestamp();
               x_video_frame.decoded_timestamp =
-                  decoded_frame.DecodedTimestamp();
+                  decoded_frame->DecodedTimestamp();
 
               if (on_receive_video_) {
                 on_receive_video_(&x_video_frame, remote_user_id_.data(),